Search

SPP1+ macrophages and CD8 + exhausted T cells are known to crosstalk. Here, the authors discover that extrahepatic tumors facilitate liver metastasis by promoting the formation of an intermediate macrophage population in the liver that inhibits tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell function.

Recently, a reconfigurable DNA nunnery (domino array) was created with four-way DNA junction motif to realize stepwise transformation by the information relay between neighbouring four-way junction units. Here, the authors generate a DNA domino array with same sequences at every junction and use it as a platform to study how the design of DNA bases at junctions influences the kinetics and thermodynamics of transformation of four-way junctions in reconfigurable DNA nanoarrays.

Nonninger et al. identify the TFEB–TGFβ signaling axis as a regulator of stem cell resilience that protects against a senescence-like state during the adult diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans, a mechanism conserved in vertebrate aging and mammalian cancer.

Super spreading events are considered important contributors to the spread of COVID−19, but the extent to which superspreading varies by transmission setting is unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate heterogeneity in superspreading and the generation interval between COVID−19 cases in different settings using data from Hong Kong.

Literature produced inconsistent findings regarding the links between extreme weather events and climate policy support across regions, populations and events. This global study offers a holistic assessment of these relationships and highlights the role of subjective attribution.

The paralogs cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase 1 and 2 form a potentially targetable synthetic lethal relationship in mesenchymal-like cancers that involves disruption of lipid metabolism.

Lymphostatin is a large protein required for Escherichia coli virulence. Here, Griessmann et al. use electron cryo-microscopy to describe the structure of lymphostatin determined at different pH values, showing three conformations, six distinct domains, and long inter-___domain linkers that occlude the catalytic sites of the N-terminal glycosyltransferase and protease domains.

Substrate-specific proteases have an enormous potential in the life sciences, but tailoring their specificity remains challenging. Here, the authors describe a data-driven approach combining DNA recording and epistasis-aware deep learning to augment protease specificity engineering at large scale.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

This study provides an evidence database on climate change in cities, highlighting that small and fast-growing cities, especially in Asia and Africa, are underresearched, which has contributed to biases and validity issues in past Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate change assessments.

Carbonaceous chondrites are amongst the most chemically primitive solid materials in the Solar System. Here, the authors reports enrichments in heavier zinc isotopes in heated carbonaceous chondrites compared to the typical ranges for chondritic meteorites.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Here the authors show that IL17A-producing NKp44- group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in FAP duodenal tissue and are associated with duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.

Proteins are often modified by complex carbohydrates (N-glycans). Here, authors identified gene regulators of this process and uncovered links between plasma protein Nglycosylation, metabolic and liver diseases, and anti-inflammatory proteins.

While small carbocyclic rings have long been recognized as pivotal building blocks in chemistry, their all-boron counterparts have remained largely unexplored. Here, the authors present a detailed account for the functionalization reactivity of cyclic tetraborane B₄(NCy₂)₄ (Cy = cyclohexyl) encompassing both ring-expansion and ring-opening reactions.

Here the authors show that loss of TANGO2, a gene linked to an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by developmental delay, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias and metabolic disturbances, disrupts mitochondrial and cytoskeletal structure by impairing its interaction with CRYAB, leading to desmin aggregation and desminopathy, causing cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, and metabolic dysfunction in mice and human cells.

Lu et al. introduce all-topographic neural networks as a parsimonious model of the human visual cortex.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B cells, and has been linked to tumorigenesis and autoimmunity. Here the authors show, using in vitro culture and mouse models, that EBV infection alters B cell FAK signaling to induces aberrant proliferation, migration and diapedesis, thereby serving potential mechanism for EBV-induced, B cell-related pathology.

Both agricultural expansion and intensification drive biodiversity losses. Here the authors quantify and compare globally the biodiversity impact of land conversion and yield increases.

How cortical interneurons establish precise connections among intermingled populations of excitatory neurons remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal that Cadherins instruct cell type and input-specific synaptic targeting of interneurons onto different pyramidal cell populations.

Differences in the Pace of Aging are important for many health outcomes but difficult to measure. Here the authors describe the Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from NeuroImaging measure, an approach that uses a single brain image to measure how fast a person is aging and can help predict mortality or the risk of developing chronic disease.

The cofactor iron is essential for cellular energy metabolism. Proteomics reveals how the interplay of iron limitation with glucose signaling underlies how a green alga turns off photosynthesis during lipid accumulation.

This paper presents the outcomes of the gap analysis performed by the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Indicators to assess current indicators in the monitoring framework of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and provides recommendations for how Parties can implement monitoring.

The genomic features of precursor conditions of multiple myeloma provide multiple biological insights into disease origins and evolution, together with opportunities to identify those at highest risk of progression.

Kao et al. provide insight into the metabolic requirements of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, offering an actionable target to treat psoriasis by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

Wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr6-mediated resistance is enhanced at lower temperatures whereas Sr13 and Sr21 resistances are enhanced at higher temperatures. Here, the authors clone Sr6 and show the divergent molecular pathways governing temperature-dependent resistance among these genes.

The authors show that the amphoteric nature of the Si dopant that prevents efficient n-type doping in high Al-content AlGaN alloys is controlled by the ordering of the Ga and Al atoms in the immediate surroundings of the Si atom.

Structure-function relationship of the vibrissa follicle and associated afferents are revealed by synchrotron X-ray imaging of rat vibrissae with distinct functions.

In the Tumor Profiler proof-of-concept observational study, a multiomics approach for profiling tumors from patients with melanoma was feasible, returning data within 4 weeks and informing treatment recommendations in 75% of cases.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Hyperfine splitting was measured using the laser spectroscopy of accelerator-produced hydrogen-like bismuth ions. This demonstrates the feasibility of such measurements with other exotic ions with low production yields in a storage ring.

Amide synthases catalyse the formation of macrolactam rings from aniline-containing polyketide-derived seco-acids. In this study, the authors solved the crystal structure of the geldanamycin amide synthase GdmF and demonstrated that it catalyses amide formation using synthetically derived substrates.

Radiometric dating and oxygen isotopes of Pilbara Craton zircons reveal early continent formation via seafloor hydrothermal alteration and subsequent shallow depth partial melting of mafic protcrust some 3565 million years ago.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

RNF213 is an E3 ligase with ATPase activity. Here, the authors show that RNF213 is activated by ATP binding and senses cellular energy states, and reveal a transthiolation mechanism induced by immune signals through ATP increase in macrophages.

Hoelzl et al. employ multi-omics to catalog genes escaping X chromosome inactivation across major organs throughout the mouse lifespan, revealing that aging promotes reactivation of the Barr body at distal chromosome regions.

Mitochondrial diseases lead to chronic health impairment, aggravated by infections and other environmental exposures. Here authors show, in a mouse model of polymerase gamma (Polg)-related mitochondrial disease, that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection prompts innate immune hyperreactivity via interferon-mediated upregulation of caspase11 and guanylate-binding proteins, leading to lung inflammation.

Förster resonance energy transfer, where energy is transferred between luminescent states, is a mechanism used for applications in photovoltaics or bio-imaging. Here, the authors show that these energy transfer rates are independent of the photonic environment, providing valuable feedback for applications.

Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality remain high in Malawi, partially due to gaps in the coverage and quality of health services. Here the authors develop an individual-based simulation model of maternal and perinatal health and healthcare in Malawi, situated in the Thanzi La Onse ‘whole health system, all-disease’ framework, and apply it to estimate the impact of current and improved coverage and quality of maternity services on health in Malawi between 2023 and 2030.

This study shows that ganglion cells in mouse retina integrate chromatic visual signals either linearly or nonlinearly. Nonlinear chromatic integration depends on rod photoreceptor activity and on surround inhibition and may help detect chromatic boundaries, such as the skyline in natural scenes.

A narrow range of pressures at mid-crustal depth represents a tipping point between silica-undersaturated and silica-oversaturated compositions crystallizing from mafic melts in alkaline–silicate igneous systems, according to a thermodynamic modelling study.

The vibrissa follicle is a blood-filled encapsulated mechano-transducer, the structure of which has been difficult to resolve. Here, Gerhardt et al. reveal 3D follicle-afferents architecture and accessorial structures by synchrotron X-ray tomography.

The expansion of clones with distinct SERPINA1 somatic mutants in the livers of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT) patients is consistent with convergent evolution. These variants interfere with the auto-polymerization and intra-ER accumulation of the Z-A1AT protein, thus highlighting potentially targetable domains.

Actinide compounds possess complex electronic structures. Here the authors introduce the satellite peak in actinide M₄-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to probe the number of localized 5 f electrons and assesses bond covalency in actinide compounds.

The authors present a characterization of complex X-linked lncRNA loci with sex- and allele-specific epigenetic signatures that serve as a platform for the largest chromatin structures in mammals, thereby elucidating diverse phenotypes and combinatorial effects on autosomes.

This protocol describes simple, small-scale laboratory production of mRNA for research and preclinical use. This includes sequence design, DNA template production, mRNA synthesis by in vitro transcription, formulation into lipid nanoparticles and transfection into cultured cells.