Search

A Fusarium graminearum effector is found to target wheat fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase for 26S proteasomal degradation. The hydrolase enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight by regulating defense genes and amino acid metabolism, offering a genetic target for wheat improvement.

Relapsed and/or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) postallogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has limited treatment options. Here the authors report the clinical results and immune correlates of a phase I/II trial of adoptively transferred virus-specific donor CD8 + T cells engineered to express a WT1-specific T cell receptor in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and active disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Ethanol production from CO2 electroreduction is hindered by poor carbon–carbon coupling and competing ethylene formation. Here, the authors develop a ZnO1-x-shield copper catalyst that stabilizes Cu+ species and enables efficient and selective electrochemical ethanol synthesis.

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) interconvert hydrogen and electricity and therefore have potential as long-duration energy storage systems, but the durability of these devices under industrially relevant conditions is limited. Here the authors report a PCEC that maintains low degradation rates throughout exceptionally long-term durability tests.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

Geometrical-site-dependent catalytic ozone activation is demonstrated on the Co²⁺_Td and Co³⁺_Oh sites in spinel oxides, where the spin-polarized Co²⁺_Td outperforms Co³⁺_Oh site in •OH generation, achieving a 17.6-fold increase in turnover frequency.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

Although autoantibodies occur in healthy individuals, pathogenic autoantibodies are the key etiologic agent in many autoimmune diseases in humans, most notably lupus erythematosus. In this Review the authors explore how these autoantibodies become pathogenic, what accounts for their specificity, how they cause disease and whether they have a clinical role as biomarkers of disease.

Radiometric dating and oxygen isotopes of Pilbara Craton zircons reveal early continent formation via seafloor hydrothermal alteration and subsequent shallow depth partial melting of mafic protcrust some 3565 million years ago.

Here, the authors leverage whole-genome sequencing from >88,000 diverse individuals to uncover 18 BMI-related genetic signals, including novel variants in participants of African genetic ancestry, highlighting the value of diversity in genetic discovery.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, dapagliflozin, as an adjunct to insulin, resulted in significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate and measures of glycemia when compared to placebo in youth with type 1 diabetes.

In the 12-week, phase 2a DUET study, treatment with TERN-501, a thyroid hormone receptor β agonist, as monotherapy or in combination with TERN-101, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, resulted in dose-dependent reductions in liver fat content as compared to placebo in patients with presumed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

As a multidimensional process, aging cannot be captured by a single metric. The authors devised Health Octo Tool assessing aging heterogeneity across organs and individuals. They show, superseding frailty index, the Body Clock, predicts function, disability and mortality with ≥90% accuracy.

Metamorphic soles beneath ophiolites record rapid subduction initiation, with high-temperature metamorphism that may be driven by relative motion across the plate interface, according to diffusion speedometry of garnets combined with isotopic data.

A recent multicentre study has assessed the risk of relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis who switched from natalizumab to fingolimod treatment. Despite such efforts, no effective exit strategy from natalizumab treatment has yet been demonstrated for these patients.

The human ADAR enzyme can deaminate additional transcripts for therapeutic A-to-G RNA base editing using an antisense guide RNA. Here, authors engineer a universal guide RNA scaffold from the U7 snRNA, boosting editing efficiency from minimal doses, especially in organs with limited AAV delivery.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Across 49 observers, we found large variations in crowding distance and retinotopic map size. These measures covary, conserving a 1.4-mm cortical crowding distance in the human V4 map. This links the spacing limit of visual recognition to V4 size.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have identified colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility genes. Here, the authors combine two multi-tissue TWAS methods, Mendelian randomisation, and genetic colocalization to identify 37 likely causal CRC susceptibility genes.

To investigate inequalities in energy access, Kersey and co-authors conducted a mixed-method study with 25 informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. They found that despite the expansion of electrical grids in Sub-Saharan Africa, users are connecting to the grid through a range of service arrangements that are highly differentiated and provide inequitable levels of electricity access.

Generation and analysis of high-quality, genome assemblies from Middle Eastern trios demonstrate the utility of ancestry-matched data and assembly-based variation analysis.

Treatment of supported ceria nanoparticles at high temperature in gasoline vehicle exhaust/steam results in their dispersion into atomically thin oxide domains with enhanced oxygen mobility and storage capacity.

Neural Decomposition (NEURD) is a software package that decomposes neuronal data from high-resolution electron microscopy volumes into feature-rich graph representations to facilitate analysis for neuroscience research.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

Patients with liver disease undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) are at a higher risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Here, the authors show intrahepatic shunting and specific metabolites, especially bile acids, as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for HE.

Zinc deficiency is a global health issue, particularly in populations consuming wheat with low Zn concentration. This meta-analysis finds that foliar and combined soil+foliar Zn applications significantly increase wheat grain Zn levels, proposing optimized fertilization methods to meet nutritional targets.

Reducing the stigma and discrimination that people living with liver conditions experience requires rethinking how diagnoses, diseases, etiologies and circumstances are perceived — a shift that begins with the language used to name and describe them.

Qi et al. used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of tau filaments from the brains of individuals with MAPT mutants V337M and R406W, known to give rise to frontotemporal dementias. They showed that the tau filaments adopted the Alzheimer fold.

Insights into TB heterogeneity are informing strategies for patient stratification and treatment shortening; this Perspective discusses the formidable challenge of treating this complex disease with strategies that can be implemented across global settings, for effective disease control.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Saloner et al. used large-scale cerebrospinal fluid proteomics to uncover molecular signatures in frontotemporal dementia, revealing RNA splicing and synaptic protein candidate markers for genetic and sporadic disease progression.

The LPD-3 complex structure reveals protein–lipid interactions that suggest a model for how the native LPD-3 complex mediates bulk lipid transport and provides a foundation for mechanistic studies of bridge-like lipid-transport proteins.

The most common oxidation state for lanthanide elements is +3, and, beyond cerium, examples of these elements exhibiting higher oxidation states remain scarce. Now, a molecular complex of praseodymium in the +5 oxidation state has been synthesized; this compound exhibits a unique electronic structure driven by N 2p and Pr 4f orbital contributions.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

To efficiently silence the integrated stress response, SIFI detects many diverse substrates that include stress indicators and stress response components through flexible domains within an easily accessible scaffold, before building linkage-specific ubiquitin chains at separate, sterically restricted elongation modules.

The Argyle deposit erupted 1.3 billion years ago into an ancient rift at the edge of a craton. Argyle coincided with supercontinent breakup, highlighting the link between diamond emplacement, former rifts and continental breakup.

Here, the authors use single cell RNA-sequencing to generate an atlas of signaling interactions regulating embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development and apply this knowledge to engineer a niche sufficient to support HSC maturation in vitro.

A cross-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci, reveals putative causal genes, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as potential drug targets, and provides cross-ancestry integrative risk prediction.

Whole genome sequences enable discovery of rare variants which may help to explain the heritability of common diseases. Here the authors find that ultra-rare variants explain ~50% of coronary artery disease (CAD) heritability and highlight several functional processes including cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms as key drivers of CAD genetic risk.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Previously, OLIG2-expressing stems cells have been identified as having a role in medulloblastoma recurrence. Here, the authors investigate the effects of targeting this OLIG2+ stem cell population in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma using CT-179, an OLIG2 inhibitor.