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Low complexity (LC) domains can drive the formation of both amyloid fibrils and protein droplets. Here, the authors identify reversible amyloid cores from the LC of hnRNPA1, based on which they elucidate the structural basis of reversible fibrillation and its interplay with hnRNPA1 droplet formation.

Precisely controlled growth of oxide interfaces at the atomic layer level is critical for device applications but quite challenging. Here Sun et al. show real time monitoring and control of the surface composition of epitaxial strontium titanate perovskite films by analysing the Kikuchi lines.

The battery performance at the cell level is an integration of contributions from many active particles. Here, the authors present a direct visualization of the active cathode particles that react heterogeneously and asynchronously by using coherent multi-crystal diffraction and optical microscopy.

The high cost of Pt severely limits fuel cell deployment, but alternative Pt-free catalysts suffer from a low activity and, especially, durability. Now, a low-Pt-content catalyst consisting of Pt and Fe single atoms, dispersed on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, and Pt–Fe nanoparticles is shown to exhibit excellent activity and durability in fuel cells.

Excited-state structural and electronic changes, observed in molecules, are hampered in nanomaterials. Here the authors identify structural distortion and electron redistribution in three photoexcited gold nanoclusters, connecting molecular and nanocrystal regimes, enabled by flexibility of the tetrahedral core units.

The field of battery chemistry must embrace abundant elements such as Mn for improved sustainability. Here the authors engineer the orientation of Mn 3d orbitals, resulting in excellent performance in LiMnO₂ cathodes.

TDP-43 binds to N¹-methyladenosine on CAG repeat RNA, resulting in the formation of gel-like TDP-43 aggregates in the cytoplasm that resemble those observed in neurological disease pathology.

Rapid and facile detection of specific nucleic acid modifications could have numerous applications. Here the authors present Specific Terminal Mediated Polymerase Chain Reaction (STEM-PCR) as a generic and accessible approach, and demonstrate proof-of-principle cancer biomarker detection.

The chaperone Hsp27 prevents FUS from undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation until stress-induced phosphorylation causes Hsp27 to partition with FUS to preserve the liquid phase against amyloid fibril formation.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction into multicarbon products offers a means to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle using renewable electricity. Here, the authors report a cascade AgCu single-atom and nanoparticle electrocatalyst with favorable properties to improve the selectivity of multicarbon products.

The root cause of lithium dendrites during battery cycling is of fundamental interest. By performing operando microprobe experiments and statistical analyses, the authors report that lithium dendrites are initiated via nanoscale mechanical defects and can be manipulated via globally applied stresses.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

The authors investigate junctions made of two flakes of the cuprate superconductor Bi₂Sr_2-xLa_xCuO_6+y (Bi2201) twisted by 45 degrees. They find evidence for an isotropic pairing component, and call into question theoretical predictions of d+id superconductivity in this system.

The impact of the charge density wave (CDW) state to the electronic structure in the Kagome superconductors AV₃Sb₅ remains unclear. Here, the authors observe CDW-induced Fermi surface reconstruction with a strongly anisotropic CDW gap and signatures of the electron-phonon coupling for all V-derived bands.

Iron oxides prevail in the deep Earth, at extreme pressures and temperatures, with different stoichiometries than in ambient conditions. Here, high-pressure synchrotron X-ray spectroscopic measurements reveal the oxidation states of Fe and O in iron superoxide, shedding light on the puzzling chemistry of iron and oxygen in the deep Earth

The existence and properties of tetraquark states with two heavy quarks and two light antiquarks have been widely debated. Here, the authors use a unitarized model to study the properties of an exotic narrow state compatible with a doubly charmed tetraquark.

While single atom catalysis combines heterogeneous materials with molecular understanding, the role of the single atoms remains vague. Here, authors examine single Ni on MoS₂ via in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy to reveal the intermediate and catalytically active species.

Electrochemical degradation is the most critical challenge for Li-rich materials. Here, the authors reveal that manganese related phase reaction inhomogeneity coupling with transition metal rearrangement triggers electrochemical degradation in lithium-rich layered cathode.

Here, we propose the integrated diffractive optical network for implementing parallel Fourier transforms, convolution operations and application-specific optical computing with reduced footprint and energy consumption.

Emergent phenomena often appear in crystals in the two-dimensional limit but are rare in bulky compounds. Here, Guo et al. report a quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity in a bulk material AuTe₂Se_4/3 at 2.85 K, potentially owing to a topological transition.

Integration and comparison of multiple single cell sequencing datasets can be used to compare different studies. Here the authors propose MetaTiME which compares the gene expression of single cells from the tumour microenvironment across different tumours and uses transportable labels and metacomponents to annotate cell types and states.

A single layer of graphene on top of a hexagonal boron-nitride sheet can stretch to form a commensurate structure, or not — depending on the rotation angle between the two layers. In the case of commensurability, strain gets concentrated in ___domain walls, resulting in soliton-like structures.

In BaFe₂As₂, the lattice couples strongly to the magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom, providing a way to control them. Here, by means of time-resolved X-ray scattering, the authors measure rapid lattice oscillations, which can induce changes in the material’s electronic and magnetic properties.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

It remains a challenge to find the structure and the distribution of the constituents of nucleons. Here the authors use a scattering method to get information about the gluons and quarks inside a proton and separate the contribution of Bethe-Heitler from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process.

Armstrong and colleagues discover that combined targeting of IKAROS and MENIN is a therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia through disruption of essential leukemogenic transcriptional programs.

Peptide-based therapeutics are promising therapeutic modalities, however, their prevalent drawback is poor circulation half-life in vivo. Here, the authors report the selection of albumin-binding macrocyclic peptides from genetically encoded libraries of peptides modified by perfluoroaryl-cysteine chemistry, with decafluoro-diphenylsulfone.

An algorithm-selected gene signature focused on tumor immune evasion and suppression predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma, exceeding the accuracy of current clinical biomarkers.

Magnetoelectric effect enables versatile electronic and spintronic devices. Here the authors demonstrate a different strategy to achieve magnetoelectric coupling in which the electric polarization is controlled by magnetic spin state transition instead of the traditional ferro- or antiferromagnetic order.

Nanosized ceria has conventionally been thought to have a cubic fluorite structure. Here, the authors use a combination of experiments and simulations to show that oxygen vacancies in ceria promote a charge-transfer induced phase transition from tetragonal to cubic.

The role of MYC in transcriptional reprogramming in prostate cancer remains poorly characterized. Here, MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program leading to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes.

Halo-structured nuclei are examples of many-body open quantum system. Here the authors use a complete kinematics measurement and find an elastic breakup of proton halo nucleus ⁸B.

Dongfeng Gu and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease in Han Chinese individuals. They identify four loci newly associated with coronary artery disease.

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9orf72 is translated to dipeptide repeat proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia patients. Here the authors generate a C. elegans model of C9orf72-mediated ALS/FTD and show that translation initiation factor eIF2D regulates the dipeptide repeat protein expression.

Sarcomatoid and rhabdoid tumours are highly aggressive forms of renal cell carcinoma that are also responsive to immunotherapy. In this study, the authors perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of these tumours discovering an enrichment of specific alterations and an inflamed phenotype.

Camera trapping is a widely adopted method for monitoring terrestrial mammals. However, a drawback is the amount of human annotation needed to keep pace with continuous data collection. The authors developed a hybrid system of machine learning and humans in the loop, which minimizes annotation load and improves efficiency.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

Semiconducting polymers with high-spin at their neutral ground state are rarely reported. Here the authors synthesize three semiconducting polymers with different spin ground states and high hole/electron mobility, by appropriate choice of the building blocks’ singlet-triplet energy gap, spin distributions and solid-state interchain interactions.

The authors present on-chip and electromechanically reconfigurable nanokirigami with optical functionalities. 3D deformations are achieved via attractive electrostatic forces between a gold nanostructure layer and silicon substrate, resulting in optical reconfigurations with high modulation contrast and small unit size.

Although genetically bland, the posterior fossa group A subgroup of ependymomas, found often in infants and associated with poor prognosis, exhibit widespread epigenetic alterations, namely a CpG island methylator phenotype; these tumours are shown to be susceptible both in vitro and in vivo to various compounds that target epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and H3K27 tri-methylation.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm to regulate gene expression and RNA metabolism and its low complexity (LC) C-terminal ___domain facilitates liquid–liquid phase separation and amyloid aggregation. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of amyloid fibrils formed by the hnRNPA1 LC ___domain, which reveals that the hnRNPA1 nuclear localization sequence forms the fibril core, and they discuss how ALS-causing mutations affect fibril stability.

Lasing in X-ray free-electron lasers is typically achieved by self-amplification of spontaneous emission, which is known to have non-ideal temporal coherence and suffer from beam fluctuations. Here researchers report lasing based on echo-enabled harmonic generation at the Shanghai Deep Ultraviolet free-electron laser facility.