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Multiple resonance (MR) emitters with narrowband luminescence typically suffer from inadequate frontier molecular orbital levels. Here, authors incorporate cyano motifs at peripheral sites of the MR backbone to adjust the energy levels, realizing device efficiency of over 23% for stable devices.

Design strategies for non-fullerene acceptors are important for achieving high-efficiency organic solar cells. Here the authors design asymmetrically branched alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor to achieve high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield, yielding over 20% efficiency in single-junction organic solar cells.

Existing organic long-persistent luminescence systems do not align with human scotopic vision. Here, authors achieve blue-shifted emissions in binary systems by upconverting charge-transfer to locally excited singlet state, with a strong luminescence under international standard for safety signs.

Organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors have enabled high efficiencies yet their charge dynamics and its impact on the photovoltaic parameters are not fully understood. Now, Chen et al. provide a general description of non-radiative voltage losses in both fullerene and non-fullerene solar cells.

Gold nanoclusters with strong emissions in the near-infrared are challenging to attain. Here, the authors show that for rod-shaped nanoclusters, both the shape of the kernel and the rigid surface structure are important to increase the NIR emissions.

The correlation between asymmetric molecular geometry of non-fullerene acceptors and their optoelectronic properties was unclear. Here, the authors found asymmetric ones exhibit increased open-circuit voltage compared to their symmetric counterparts due to reduced non-radiative charge recombination.

The poor conductivity of passivators often impacts the charge carrier transport in perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors report a binary and synergistical post-treatment method to form the passivation layer, achieving certified quasi-steady power conversion efficiency of 26% for stable devices.

Triplet excited states related to partial molecular structures are shown to mediate spin-flip between lowest singlet and triplet excited states in multiple donor–acceptor charge-transfer-type organic molecules.

The hole injection and device stability rely heavily on the inorganic/organic interface in perovskite light-emitting diodes. The authors enhanced the NiO_x/PVK interface with a self-assembled monolayer, resulting in blue and green devices with maximum efficiencies of 14.5% and 26.0%, respectively.

Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters composed of only period-2 elements are important for achieving comprehensive performances. Here, authors report hybridization of organoboron-nitrogen and carbonyl groups in the emitter to achieve a long device operational stability.

It is essential to manipulate the dynamic behaviour of charge carriers and excitons in organic light-emitting diodes. Here, authors report the trapping of injected electrons by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant molecule in a bipolar host matrix and achieve long device stability.

The performance of ternary organic solar cells is limited by voltage losses. Using the detailed balance principle, Wang et al. show how the third component of the blend affects the open-circuit voltage and delineate molecular design rules.

A multifunctional additive modulates the kinetics of perovskite film growth, enabling inverted perovskite solar cells with 24.8% power conversion efficiency and enhanced thermal stability.

Y6, as a non-fullerene acceptor for organic solar cells, has attracted intensive attention because of the low voltage loss and high charge generation efficiency. Here, Zhang et al. find that the delocalization of exciton and electron wavefunction due to strong π-π packing of Y6 is the key for the high performance.

An organoboron-emitter, DBTN-2, yields a green organic light-emitting diode with ultrapure colour and high efficiency.

Organic LEDs based on acceptor–donor–acceptor molecules Y11, IDSe-4Cl and COTIC-4F are shown to be highly effective emitters of short-wave infrared light.

Previous descriptions of the charge-transfer absorptions in organic solar cells only involve the charge transfer state and the ground state. Here Chen et al. underline that a third state, i.e., the local absorbing state on the donor and/or acceptor, needs to be considered.

Organic radical molecules violating the Aufbau principle are shown to reach high luminescence quantum yield and photostability, with potential applications for deep-red and near-infrared light-emitting sources.

An organic molecule, 5Cz-TRZ, with multiple donor units supports fast reverse intersystem crossing, allowing fabrication of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes.

Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes that operate in the 700 nm region with an external quantum efficiency of almost 10% are reported.

The charge-transfer electronic states that form at the interfaces between electron-donor and electron-acceptor components have a key role in the electronic processes in organic solar cells. This Review describes the current understanding of how these charge-transfer states affect device performance.