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Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

The mechanism of HBsAg antigen presentation to T cells during liver HBV infection is incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that in mice, intrahepatic type I dendritic cells acquire HBsAg by MHC-I complexes through cross-dressing for CD8⁺ T cell priming, whereas CD4⁺ T cell responses rely on MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation by B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues.

The impact of diet on gut microbiota and metabolites in context of cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. Here the authors reveal ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle (GELN) aly-miR159a-3p enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy by increasing microbiota-dependent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level thus limiting tumor cell PD-L1 expression.

Wang et al. present the human universal senescence index (hUSI), a robust transcriptome-based tool that accurately predicts cellular senescence across diverse conditions, offering insights into aging and therapeutic strategies.

The uptake of water by polar solids can modify electrical and mass transport properties. This Review discusses hydration mechanisms and surveys case studies of the effects water uptake has on transport properties in different materials.

Crystal structures of cyanobacterial protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases reveal the basis of the photocatalytic activities of this enzyme, through the role of its active site in enabling the light-driven reduction of protochlorophyllide.

Palladium catalysed C-H functionalization ofsp³carbons typically requires the installation and subsequent removal of a temporary directing group. Here the authors report a method allowing C-H functionalization in carboxylic acids in which the carboxylate acts as a directing group.

Post-translational modifications of proteins at DNA damage sites can facilitate the recruitment of DNA repair factors. Here, the authors show that mRNA is locally modified with m⁵C at sites of DNA damage by the RNA methyltransferase TRDMT1 to promote homologous recombination repair.

The DNA damage checkpoint needs to be turned off to allow cellular recovery from genotoxic exposure. Here, the authors report that the scaffold proteins Rtt107 and Mms22 and their associated ubiquitin ligase enable this downregulation and reduces the level of a key checkpoint mediator Rad9.

Male breast cancer may involve different populations of immune cells. Here the authors use single cell transcriptomics to show that infiltration of T cells is lower in male breast cancer relative to female breast cancer, and find that this is accompanied by distinct metabolic changes.

Zhang et al. report an entropy engineering approach to design water-resistant oxide catalysts, (Ni_0.2Mg_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2Co_0.2)Cr₂O₄. This material shows excellent water resistance (>100 h) for C₃H₆ oxidation while other binary oxides deactivate within 20 h.

Here the authors study diet-induced weight gain/loss to identify chromatin architectures in adipose tissue (AT) associated obesity in a pig model. They found parallels and species-specific regulatory elements in humans and pigs that underpin AT specialization.

Cryo-EM structures covering full-length yeast Smc5/6 in three states and the accompanying mutagenesis data reveal multiple new structural and functional features of this unique SMC complex.

Infected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Here, the authors develop an electroactive mineralized scaffold that achieves nearly complete in situ healing of infected bone in rats, rabbits and beagle dogs.

N–N axially chiral motifs are of synthetic interest due to their presence in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and chiral ligands. Here, the authors develop a direct catalytic synthesis of N–N atropisomers with simultaneous creation of contiguous axial and central chirality by oxidative NHC catalyzed (3 + 3) cycloaddition.

Ganoderma lucidumis a macrofungus in traditional Chinese medicine known to produce different bioactive compounds. In this study, the genome ofG. lucidumis sequenced, making this organism a potential model system for future studies of secondary metabolic pathways and their regulation in medicinal fungi.

Li et al. report that co-delivering a dominant negative fragment of p53 (p53DD) greatly enhances precise editing efficiencies for prime editing and cytosine base editing in human pluripotent stem cells, without compromising the genome-wide safety.

Using single-molecule visualization and manipulation, Chang et al. show that the eukaryotic Smc5/6 complex preferentially binds to and stabilizes ssDNA-dsDNA junctions, which could serve as the molecular basis for its diverse roles in genome maintenance.

3D printing of liquid metal is important for the integrated design and manufacturing of flexible electronic devices. Here, Lin et al. demonstrate a liquid metal high internal phase emulsion gel used directly for direct-ink-writing 3D printing and activate the ink conductivity by electrocapillarity method.

Aberrant expression of Synaptonemal complex protein 2 (SYCP2) in breast and ovarian cancers is associated with resistance to drugs targeting the DNA damage response. Here the authors show that SYCP2 confers drug resistance by promoting R-loop formation during transcription-coupled homologous recombination.

Su et al. report that while METTL16 acts as an m⁶A writer in the nucleus, it exerts an m⁶A-independent function in the cytosol, where it facilitates translation through direct interactions with ribosomal RNAs and eukaryotic initiation factors 3a and -b.

Congenital scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformation. Here, the authors demonstrate that loss of dstyk leads to scoliosis in zebrafish due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and that DSTYK is required for lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1 regulation.

Observational analyses from the China Kadoorie Biobank found that alcohol consumption was associated with higher risks of 61 diseases in Chinese men, with most of these associations confirmed by genetic analyses.

A four-dimensional printable shape memory hydrogel with shape-shifting onset adjustable by changing the programming conditions is reported.

The origin of low non-radiative recombination in perovskites was not well-understood. Here, authors apply electric field to manipulate ferroelastic lattice deformation to study non-radiative recombination and strain in twinning tetragonal phase, achieving an increased open-circuit voltage to 1.26 V.

An improved understanding of enhancers in mammalian genomes could facilitate the design of new regulatory elements. Melnikov et al. synthesize thousands of ~90 nt enhancer variants, assay their activity in human cells and use the data to rationally optimize synthetic enhancers.

Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) show promise for facilitating cancer risk stratification. Here, the authors performed a large genome-wide association study and develop a PRS for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which could improve risk stratification and personalized screening.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a fatal primary liver cancer with a known genetic component. Here the authors sequence the exomes of matched tumour and normal tissue from 103 ICC patients in China, and identify an ICC mutational profile associated with liver inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Pollen tube growth is guided towards ovules. Here the authors show that a bHLH transcriptional factor CsALC functions in pollen tube emergence towards ovules to regulate female fertility in cucumber and promotes the expression of two rapid alkalinization factors CsRALF4/19 in the ovary.

Genome-wide association analyses across individuals of East Asian and European ancestries identify new risk loci for inflammatory bowel diseases. A polygenic risk score derived from the combined datasets shows improved prediction accuracy.

The use of immunostimulatory agents to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Here, the authors report on a micellar nanoparticle that can effectively co-deliver chemo- and immunotherapeutics, resulting in an improved in vivoantitumour response.

Different types of mesenchymal progenitors participate in ectopic bone formation. Here, the authors show Col2⁺ lineage cells adopt a lymphatic endothelium cell fate, which regulates local inflammatory microenvironment after trauma, thus influencing heterotopic ossification (HO) development via a FGFR3-BMPR1a pathway.