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A Fusarium graminearum effector is found to target wheat fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase for 26S proteasomal degradation. The hydrolase enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight by regulating defense genes and amino acid metabolism, offering a genetic target for wheat improvement.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

Phosphorescence emission from extrinsic rare-earth element and organic component remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate an ultraviolet ultralong intrinsic phosphorescence (UIP, >20,000 seconds) in aluminum nitride (AlN) single-crystal scintillator through X-ray excitation.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Methods for selective modification of the N-terminus of proteins are of high interest, but mostly require specific amino acid residues. Here, the authors report a selective and fast method for N-terminal modification of proteins based on quinone-mediated oxidation of the alpha-amine to aldehyde or ketone, and apply it to diverse proteins.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Carbon chain elongation (CCE) is normally carried out using either chemical catalysts or bioenzymes. Herein we demonstrate a catalyst-free approach to promote demethylation C–C coupling reactions for advanced CCE constructed with functional groups under ambient conditions.

There is increasing evidence that treatment of hepatitis B with interferon alpha can be beneficial. Here, Wang et al, present a type 1 interferon receptor humanized mouse model and characterize it as a platform in which to study interferon function in vivo.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Chiral receptors with an endo-functionalized cavity for chiral recognition are of interest in the field of molecular recognition. Here, the authors develop chiral naphthotubes containing a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity to effectively recognize neutral chiral molecules with high enantioselectivity.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the ___location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Loss of Ism1 in mice results in kidney agenesis and dysplasia that are common human diseases. Here they show that Ism1 is expressed in metanephric mesenchyme and acts as a ligand of Integrin α8β1 to regulate mesenchyme condensation during early renal branching morphogenesis.

In poplar, a quantitative genetic screen identifies a G-type lectin receptor-like kinase that mediates ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with Laccaria bicolor. Expression of the kinase in non-host Arabidopsis makes mycorrhizal colonization possible.

Metabolic rewiring of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can impair their antitumor functions. Sun and colleagues demonstrate that CTL-intrinsic activity of the kinase NIK is essential for CTL metabolic fitness in the tumor microenvironment.

Metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Here, the authors report a pro-metastatic role of PRAK in breast cancer lung metastasis via a mechanism involving enhanced HIF-1α translation, and propose PRAK targeting as a strategy to treat metastasis.

In this study, authors identified neutralizing antibodies by isolating B cells from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients and detect altered structural features, likely introduced by somatic hypermutation, that are involved in epitope binding and increase neutralization breadth against virus variants.

EMS1 is a receptor-like kinase that recognizes the peptide ligand TPD1 to specify tapeta in Arabidopsis. Here, via a reciprocal complementation approach, the authors provide evidence that intracellular signaling by EMS1 is interchangeable with that of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1.

The crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster YL1 in complex with an H2A.Z–H2B dimer exposes a selective recognition mechanism distinct from those of other H2A.Z chaperones and suggests a hierarchical transfer mechanism mediating H2A.Z deposition.

Dongxin Lin, Chen Wu and colleagues identify a LINC00673 variant that associates with pancreatic cancer risk in Han Chinese cohorts. They show that the variant creates a target site for miR-1231 and that LINC00673 regulates PTPN11 degradation and leads to altered SRC–ERK and STAT1-dependent signaling.

The RNA-binding proteins Lin28A and Lin28B are known to have key roles in a variety of pathological states including cancer, obesity and diabetes. Here the authors show that Lin28A and -B alter cancer metabolism through let-7-mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1.

Bio-inspired materials are an intense area of study as researchers try to adapt biomaterials for other applications. Here, the authors report on the processing of protein materials derived from the byssal thread of scallops to create high-extensibility materials with self-recovery under wet conditions.

Pericytes play an essential role in blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Here, the authors generate pericyte-like cells (PCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) which display functional properties and also promote BBB recovery in a mouse model of cerebral artery occlusion.

The gut microbiota may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and healthy controls, identifying microbial strains and functions associated with the disease.

Efficient power transfer from the pump to the soliton can be achieved through field coupling between two optical resonators, allowing soliton frequency comb generation with tens-to-hundreds-of-fold improvement in conversion efficiency compared with a traditional single-resonator comb.

Using different high-resolution satellite datasets, this study analyses gross forest carbon loss associated with forest removal over the tropics during the twenty-first century focusing on regional fluxes and trends, as well as drivers of loss, both aspects rarely studied in previous work.

The authors have developed a new method, metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS), to compare the combined genetic content of the faecal microbiota of healthy people versus patients with type 2 diabetes; they identify multiple microbial species and metabolic pathways that are associated with either cohort and show that some of these may be used as biomarkers.