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The genomic and immune landscape of pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma is poorly understood. Here, the authors perform exome and transcriptome sequencing on precursor legions and invasive lung adenocarcinomas, identifying recurrently mutated genes in pre/minimally invasive cases, and arm level alteration events linked to immune infiltration.

Unfairness in AI healthcare models arise from biased correlations between sensitive attributes and disease data. Here, the authors show that the Attribute Neutral Framework reduces these biases and enhances fairness without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

Evolutionary analysis of transcriptomes across Metazoa supports a scenario of ancestral adult stages and a single intercalation event at the origin of larvae.

Morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on the newly discovered Early Cretaceous eutherian mammal Ambolestes zhoui show that the oldest purported metatherian Sinodelphys is instead a eutherian.

Using near-real-time daily carbon emission datasets from 48 cities in China, this paper explores post-COVID-19 during which Chinese cities experienced economic growth and reduced greenhouse gas emissions—a low-carbon recovery. Six low-carbon-recovery cities (mainly megacities) saved, on average, 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population than the 42 other cities.

Kalligrammatid lacewings were among the largest Mesozoic insects. Here, Liu et al. present an assemblage of Mesozoic kalligrammatid lacewings from amber and compression fossils, highlighting diversity in traits associated with pollination, chemical communication and defense against predators.

Indicine cattle make up half of all cattle populations worldwide. Using a large genomic dataset, this study finds historic migrations and extensive introgression with domestic and wild bovine species has facilitated this species physiological adaptation to extreme environments.

Targeting metabolism is currently a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here, the authors show that the beta3 agonist mirabegron inhibits tumor progression by browning adipose tissues in preclinical murine models.

Congenital heart disease is life threatening, and its screening is complex and costly. Here, authors use AI to detect the disease based on pediatric electrocardiogram, suggesting superior performance over cardiologists.

A benchmarking competition improves tools that predict how regulatory regions control gene expression.

Implantation-associated infections often lead to infections. Here, the authors propose a piezo-based nanoreactor to achieve US-excited tandem catalysis, endowing the polyetherketoneketone bone scaffold with on-demand antibacterial and osteogenic capacities.

Neural activity is regulated by synapse-neuromodulator interactions, necessitating optoelectro-pharmacological investigations. Here, authors implement their multi-modal probe to show focal infusion of synthetic cannabinoid disrupts CA1 oscillations.

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships may vary with climate. Here, the authors study relationships of plant and soil microbial diversity with soil nutrient multifunctionality in 130 dryland sites in China, finding a shift towards greater importance of soil microbial diversity in arid conditions.

The first known local mpox outbreak in Guangdong Province, China occurred in June 2023. Here, the authors perform phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis of ten mpox virus genome sequences from this outbreak, and place them in the context of other samples detected in surrounding regions.

Thousands of genetic variants have been associated with lupus, but causal variants and mechanisms are unknown. Here, the authors combine a massively parallel reporter assay with genome-wide ChIP experiments to identify risk variants with allelic enhancer activity mediated through transcription factor binding.

Signalling by the energy sensor kinase AMPK is generally tumour suppressive, but Chhipa et al. show that AMPK is upregulated in glioblastoma, where it phosphorylates CREB1 to enhance HIF1α and GABPA transcription and to support tumour bioenergetics.

Population level transcriptomics measurements miss bacterial heterogeneity. Here the authors report smRandom-seq, a droplet-based high-throughput single-microbe RNA-seq assay, using random primers for in situ cDNA generation, droplets for single-microbe barcoding, and CRISPR-based rRNA depletion.

Protein feeding is known to induce strong inhibition on further food intake, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors identify a protein-specific satiety hormone inDrosophila, and show that it suppresses feeding via promoting DILP2 release in the central nervous system.

Old trees have many ecological and socio-cultural values that affect their survival. Species with greater potential height, smaller leaf size and diverse human utilization attributes had the highest probability of long-term persistence.

Spines are an important physical defense for many plant species. Here, the authors describe seven different spine morphologies from the Eocene of central Tibet associated with regional aridification and expansion of herbivorous mammals.

Linking transcription factors with disease loci implicates EBNA2, encoded by Epstein–Barr virus, in autoimmune diseases. Applying the method more widely identifies associations for hundreds of transcription factors, illuminating disease mechanisms.

A genome-wide uracil profiling technology (termed “dU-seq”), based on selective labeling and biotin pull-down, reveals that uracil is enriched at the centromere of the human genome.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used but their risks for early neurodevelopment remain controversial. Here, the authors showed in zebrafish larvae that sulindac induces GABAergic neuron apoptosis through autophagy activation that leads to hyperactive behavior.

Growth factors play key roles during heart development. Here they show that PLGF has both autocrine and paracrine roles during cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis, suggesting it may have therapeutic potential for heart disease.

The interception of one chemical intermediate with another intermediate is very challenging, as intermediates may be incompatible or too reactive, but could result in a streamlined method of organic synthesis. Here, the authors demonstrate enantioselective four-component reactions via the coupling of two intermediates.

Band alignment engineering is important to realize high performance and multifunctionality in a specific van der Waals heterojunction. Here, the authors observe band alignment transition of the heterojunction in a ferroelectric-tuned van der Waals heterojunction device with high performance.

Click-ExM uses click-chemistry-based labeling to increase the versatility of expansion microscopy. Click-ExM enables imaging of numerous classes of biomolecules including lipids, glycans, proteins, DNA, RNA and small molecules.

MicroRNA miR-500a-5p has been linked to oncogenesis but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Here, the authors investigate the role of miR-500a-5p in CRC in vitro and in vivo models and find that miR-500a-5p acts as a tumour suppressor in CRC by targeting the p300/YY1/HDAC2 axis.

Transcription elongation (TE) is a key point of inducible gene expression regulation. Here, the authors report widespread TE defects (TE^deff) in a high proportion of cancers that correlate with poor immunotherapy response, highlighting TE defects as potential routes for immune resistance.

The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) represses gene expression via micro-RNA guided mRNA silencing. Here, the authors show that RISC component Argonaute 2 in the liver regulates energy metabolism by inducing microRNAs that cause metabolic disruption and by suppressing protein translation linked to AMPK activation.

The genome of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis is sequenced. This bivalve mollusc has a slow-evolving genome with features such as karyotype and Hox gene expression that may be close to that of the ancestral bilaterian.

Bivalve molluscs have evolved various characteristics to adapt to benthic filter-feeding. Here, Li et al investigate the genome, transcriptomes and proteomes of scallop Chlamys farreri, revealing evidences of molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.