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The decadal changes in the response time of El Niño-Southern Oscillation to the tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) forcing are primarily influenced by the meridional shift of the tropical Atlantic SST dominant mode.

Surface melt is an important component of ice sheet dynamics, but for many remote regions the melt rates are mainly known from models. Here the authors present satellite observations of melt rates for Greenland and Antarctica, showing that East Antarctica has become a melting hotspot.

Mass balance measurements from inland East Antarctica suggest a negative trend in surface mass balance from 2005 to 2020, probably associated with enhanced zonal winds.

Zinc gluconate in oral supplements associates with plasma proteins to form renal-tumour-accumulating ZnO nanoparticles, which have antitumoural immune activity and can also be used for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.

Warming of the north and tropical Atlantic Ocean, which is associated in part with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (a leading mode of sea surface temperature variability), is shown to affect sea-level pressure in the Amundsen Sea, explaining the accelerated warming of and sea-ice redistribution around the Antarctic Peninsula.

This study shows that the Indian Ocean significantly affects North American winter climate through Rossby wave dynamics. During its warm phase, this teleconnection drives an eastern warming – western cooling anomaly in North America, along with snowfall changes.

The unconventional hexagonal phase CuCo PBA with open structure, large pore size, and high specific surface area is synthesized, and it delivers much better small molecular gas adsorption performance than the traditional cubic counterpart.

Pluripotent stem cells depend on specialized nuclear organization for their function. Here, the authors show that DDX18 regulates nucleolar phase separation and chromatin architecture to preserve human embryonic stem cell pluripotency.

To enhance our understanding of aging in the human testis, the authors provide a single-cell map of testicular characteristics throughout the reproductive lifespan. Using samples from 35 donors, they identify two waves of molecular changes in somatic cells and examine interactions between aging and body mass index.

Labeling newly transcribed RNA with 5-ethynyluridine and adding biotin via click chemistry allows the analysis of the proteome bound to the various RNA species, including nascent RNA.

A CRISPR–Cas9 screen in a tumour mouse model identifies CD300ld as a tumour receptor on polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and in vivo experiments indicate that it is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.

The molecular features and tumour microenvironment (TME) in seminoma remain to be characterised. Here, the authors perform single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics and identify key gene expression programmes, immune cell subtypes and potential therapeutic targets.

This study designs a new model based on medium-resolution satellite imagery to assess building damage from war, using the cases of Syria and Ukraine. It found that building damage has broader consequences for the population affected, especially when accounting for hospitals and schools.

There is a need to improve and expand mitochondrial base editing tools. Here the authors identify a DddA homolog from Simiaoa sunii (Ddd_Ss) which can efficiently deaminate cytosine in dsDNA; they develop cytosine base editors and introduce mutations at multiple mitochondrial DNA loci.

The authors show that the influence of the western Indian Ocean on Antarctic sea ice variability in austral spring has been weakening under greenhouse global warming.

A Cas9-based gene therapy that replaces expanded CAG repeats in the mutant HTT allele causing Huntington’s disease by a normal CAG repeat led to substantial reductions in neurological symptoms in a pig model of the disease.

In this study the authors present the Thogoto virus polymerase cryo-EM structures and reveal unique RNA synthesis mechanisms among orthomyxoviruses. RNA synthesis by Thogoto virus polymerase is shown to be weakly dependent on the host factors ANP32A/B/E in human cells in contrast to influenza viruses.

Enhancers are often transcribed into non-coding RNAs called enhancer RNAs. Here the authors show that super enhancer generated seRNA-1 regulates the expression of nearby myoglobin (Mb) gene by binding to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L during myogenic differentiation.

This study shows that the formation of bottom water and the related sea ice processes in the Ross Sea are significantly affected by major climate patterns in the southern hemisphere’s extratropical regions.

The drivers of multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic−Pacific connection are still not fully understood. Here, the authors show that they are mainly controlled by multidecadal variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation.

Local cues for hyperinnervation in chronic skin diseases are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that a distinct subset of dermal papillary fibroblasts promote neurite outgrowth and facilitate neuron-immune interactions through extracellular matrix remodeling in a mouse model of psoriasis

Through rational engineering of A3A deaminase, Yang and colleagues have designed CBEs termed haA3A-CBEs, which feature a condensed editing window and minimal off-target effects that are independent of defined sequence contexts and methylation status.

A decadal-scale oscillatory pattern is identified that is a dominant mode of Antarctic sea ice variability. This mode is primarily driven by tropical-polar connections, offering insights into the multi-year predictability of Antarctic sea ice.

Previous work suggested that histone demethylase JMJD3 is detrimental to somatic cell reprogramming. Here, the authors show that while JMJD3 has a context-independent detrimental effect on early stages of reprogramming, during late stages it activates epithelial and pluripotency genes together with Klf4.

The mechanism of nonlinear charge transport in doped conducting polymers remains elusive. Here, Wang et al. study charge transport with respect to crystalline degrees of samples and construct a model based on the tied link between Fermi liquids and Luttinger liquids, providing a universal explanation to understand nonlinear charge transport in conducting polymers.

The combined effects of decades-long warming and particularly vigorous injections of atmospheric heat from lower latitudes were the likely culprits for sharp declines in sea-ice extent around Antarctica starting in 2016.

The dipole-like trend of tropical sea surface temperature is investigated and this study finds it to be initiated in the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic warming drives wind and circulation changes and influences Pacific Ocean surface temperatures.

Circulating factors have an important role in aging. Here the authors show that small extracellular vesicles derived from young plasma rejuvenate whole-body physiology in aged mice, at least in part, by stimulating PGC-1α expression and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism.

This study finds that the abnormally high frequency of extreme El Niño and central Pacific El Niño events over the past four decades can be attributed to the synchronized effects of greenhouse warming and internal variability.

Long intervening noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are an emerging class of molecular regulators with diverse functions. Here the authors identify Linc-YY1, a novel lincRNA transcribed from the noncoding region of the mouse YY1 gene, that binds to YY1 protein and thereby regulates skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration.

During 2002–2014, global mean temperatures stayed nearly steady, but both summertime warm and wintertime cold extreme temperature occurrences over North Hemisphere continents increased. Here the authors show that the contrasting changes in these metrics were driven by distinct climate patterns.

Though metallic edge states in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide have been observed before, how these states contribute to charge transport remains unclear. Here, the authors quantify the edge state contribution to electrical transport in monolayer MoS₂/WSe₂ field-effect transistors, revealing a dominated non-linear edge transport at low temperature, indicating possible Luttinger liquid behavior.

Qin, Pei and colleagues report that autophagy is induced early during somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. mTORC1 and autophagy control reprogramming efficiency by modulating mitochondrial architecture and p62 levels.

N⁶-methyladenosine RNA and its reader YTHDC1 serve as a bridge to silencing retrotransposons through the RNA derived from these retrotransposons in mouse ES cells.

The lack of invertible and invariant crystal representations hinders the inverse design of crystals. Here the authors develop SLICES, an invertible and invariant representation, empowering property-driven inverse design of crystals using generative AI.

Zhuang et al. demonstrate that suppression of NCoR/SMRT enhances OSKM reprogramming efficiency, and that the barrier mechanism depends on the recruitment of HDAC3 to pluripotency loci by c-MYC.

A brief exposure to episomally delivered pluripotency factors permits the reprogramming of cells in human urine to neural progenitor cells.

Controlled tuning of surface adhesion is crucial to a broad range of applications. By simply introducing a mechanical micro-vibration, Shui et al. discover that the surface adhesion can be either enhanced by orders of magnitude or weakened to zero with a switching rate at millisecond timescale.

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) exerts strong control on the Indo-Pacific climate. This Review outlines twenty-first-century changes in the IOD, noting robust increases in eastern pole sea surface temperature variability, more frequent strong and early positive IOD events, and less frequent moderate positive IOD events.

The newly transcribed RNA-bound proteome (or RNA interactome) is captured using this protocol by time-dependent incorporation of 5-ethynyluridine into newly transcribed RNAs followed by UV-mediated RNA-protein cross-linking, click-chemistry-aided biotinylation and affinity isolation of RNA–protein complexes.

Tropical teleconnections can influence polar climates through the generation of stationary Rossby waves. This Review outlines the dynamics and impacts of long-term tropical–polar connections on the Antarctic climate, which include warming trends and ice mass loss in West Antarctica.