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Peptide-based materials offer advantages for constructing supramolecular chiral systems due to their bioactivity and intrinsic chirality but precise control over the expression, transfer, and amplification of chirality is a significant challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate that achiral anions regulate hydrogen bonding interactions in dipeptide assembly, leading to the formation of chiral microrolls composed of 2D nanosheets.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

The authors present a Mn incorporation strategy to enhance the stability of PdH_x metallenes by locking interstitial H atoms via strong electronic interactions in the immiscible alloy, resulting in an improved alkaline oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability at working temperature around 353 K.

Neural circuit mechanisms underlying feeding behavior regulation are not fully understood. Here authors provide quantitative mapping of the brain-wide input and output configuration of tuberal nucleus somatostatin neurons, a key player of feeding regulation, in mouse brain for a deeper understanding of the feeding regulation network.

DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) plays pivotal roles in autophagy regulation. Here, the authors show that DRAM1 stabilizes lysosomal VAMP8, thereby promoting autolysosome maturation. Furthermore, they establish that DRAM1–VAMP8 axis enhances autophagic flux and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma extravasation, as validated in both zebrafish xenograft and mouse metastatic models.

Gloeobacter diverged from other lineages early in cyanobacterial evolution, preferentially growing under low light intensity conditions. Here, the authors describe cryo-EM structures of PBSs from G. violaceus cells cultured under low or moderate light intensity.

Some rhizosphere microbes protect plants from phytopathogens through unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, Zhang et al. show that a rhizosphere bacterium displays antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi by reducing the activity of the fungal NatA acetyltransferase complex, thus inducing protein degradation and apoptosis.

Rice stripe virus deploys its SP protein to dismantle SERRATE condensates in rice cells, blocking microRNA production and enhancing viral spread. This discovery reveals how viruses can hijack host phase separation to modulate gene regulation.

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promises to be a versatile brainsmatics tool for studying the whole brain at single-cell level.

Passive immunisation for respiratory syncytial virus for infants is recommended by the World Health Organization but products currently available have limited duration of protection. Here, the authors investigate the age distribution of infant hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus to inform optimal timing of immunisation.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

To overcome low intersystem crossing efficiency and exciton instability in organic photosensitizers, amphiphilic polymer hosts self-assemble phosphorescent molecules. This stabilizes triplet states, enabling efficient CO₂ photoreduction to CO.

Exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ breaks the molecular chains, causing sluggish carrier kinetics and moderate degradation activity. Here, authors address these issues by developing an ultrathin porous g-C₃N₄ with intact molecular chains via shear repair strategy, enhancing the activity of PMS-assisted water purification.

Iron dysregulation is a hallmark of many human diseases and cancers. In this study, the authors show that iron depletion, overload, or improper storage drive templated insertions at chromosome breaks, a class of events that are common yet poorly understood in cancer.

Authors report an oblique photothermal microscope system for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopic imaging of live subjects at sub-micron resolutions. The method enables low-dose skin imaging without photodamage, and is a highly sensitive platform for in vivo and in situ molecular analysis.

Torpor is an adaptive hypometabolic state in response to energy scarcity. Here, Cheng et al. show that catecholaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla induce torpor in mice by lowering body temp and heart rate (heart rate decline precedes cooling).

Nerve fibers relaying pain information from peripheral organs are normally supported by specialized glial cells called nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Here, the authors show that a secreted factor, SEMA3B, promotes nerve fiber-Schwann cell interactions necessary for suppressing pathological pain.

Systemic administration of TRL7/8 agonists enhances anti-tumor immunity by enhancing dendritic cell (DC) activation, but also causes systemic toxicity. Here, the authors show that, in tumor mouse models, a radiotherapy-activated, N-oxide imidazoquinoline prodrug promotes controlled, local activation of intratumoral DC-T cell dynamics, while promoting systemic anti-tumor responses.

The zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma has complex developmental programs to accommodate different lifestyles that are important for parasite transmission and pathogenesis. Here, the authors discover a novel chromatin remodeling complex containing SNF2L in Toxoplasma and report its crucial roles in regulating the parasite’s developmental programs.

Large language models (LLMs) can be useful tools for science, but they often lack expert understanding of complex domains that they were not trained on. Zhang and colleagues fine-tuned a LLaMA-2-7b-based LLM with questions on organic chemistry reactions.

The genetic basis underlying resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in oilseed rape remains elusive. Here, the authors identify BnaA07.MKK9 as a pivotal regulator of SSR resistance in oilseed rape by GWAS, providing new insights into plant defense mechanisms against necrotrophic pathogens.

Materials with opposite signs of permittivity along the two orthogonal directions can support hyperbolic polaritons. Here, the authors demonstrate tunable broadband near-infrared hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in MoOCl₂.

The methyltransferase OsPRMT6b is found to act as an ABA responsive factor to finely turn down ABA signaling via methylation of ABA receptor, thus facilitating growth recovery as high-temperature stress subsides.

Neural mechanisms underlying sensory and motor control are not fully understood. Here authors identify two distinct neuron groups in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) that mediate descending pain inhibition via brainstem-spinal circuits. Silencing these neurons disrupts motor-induced analgesia but not basic sensation, uncovering a motor-driven pain control pathway.

This study analyzes associations between sociodemographic factors, treatment intentions and mental health among transgender individuals. Utilizing multivariate regression, findings reveal distinct mental health challenges across treatment groups, emphasizing the necessity for personalized approaches in gender-affirming care.

The authors reveal that interfacial dead layers in ferroelectric ScAlN originate from nitrogen vacancies and strain, highlighting their critical role in unlocking the full potential of nitride ferroelectrics for advanced device architectures.

A computational model called Centaur, developed by fine-tuning a language model on a huge dataset called Psych-101, can predict and simulate human nature in experiments expressible in natural language, even in previously unseen situations.

Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum) is thermotolerant, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of the heat tolerance gene encoding a STKc_GSK3 kinase and its variation affects phosphorylation level of downstream TaPIF4 in determining thermotolerance.

Mixed-dimensional 1D-2D heterostructures hold promise for catalytic and optoelectronic applications, but the control of their electronic band structure remains challenging. Here, the authors report the fabrication of 1D-graphene nanoribbon/2D-CuSe heterojunctions with tunable band alignment by varying the geometry and phase of the materials.

Electronic metal-support interaction within Pd/TiO₂ are optimized for photocatalytic H₂O₂ evolution and furfural oxidation to furoic acid, realizing the simultaneous utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes for dual value-added products.

Histone crotonylation is implicated in transcriptional regulation. Here, the authors perform genome-wide mapping of histone crotonylation in mouse and human early embryos. Suppression of histone crotonylation results in developmental arrest at 2-cell stage due to impaired transcriptional activity. Embryos from aged female mice exhibit diminished histone crotonylation, while sodium crotonate supplementation facilitates blastocyst formation.

On-target, off-tumour toxicity is a major concern in immunotherapy. Here, aided by computer docking analysis, the authors introduce a single oxygen atom into the TLR7/8 agonist R848, generating a radiotherapy-activatable prodrug agonist that in mice helps mitigate systemic toxicity while triggering effective anti-tumor immunity responses upon radiation.

Fan et al. show that cTAGE5 is essential for adipogenesis and adipose tissue development. Mechanistically, cTAGE5 promotes pro-insulin receptor processing, which mediates actin cytoskeleton remodeling and lipolysis during the adipocyte differentiation.

The morphogenetic events that occur during gastrulation involve dramatic cell- and tissue-level changes. Here they show that propagation of nematic order, leading to long-range spatial correlation, is universally conserved during metazoan embryogenesis.

This study uses deep learning and gaze-tracking to track pathologists' work and learn how they review tissue images. This “learned expertise” was applied to guide artificial intelligence models, such as weakly supervised learning and reinforcement learning, to achieve accurate diagnosis of Whole Slide Images.

The heart relies on fatty acid oxidation as its main energy source. Here they show that impaired fatty acid metabolism disrupts mitophagy in the heart and that enhancing mitophagy via USP30 inhibition can restore heart function in models of fatty acid oxidation deficiency.

Steroid resistant asthma can be combatted with antibody therapy, but delivery and off-target effects are a concern. Here, the authors report on the co-delivery of thymic stromal lymphopoietin nanobody mRNA and budesonide in budesonide-incorporated inhalable lipid nanoparticles to treat steroid resistant asthma.

Prions are infectious agents that initiate transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The study demonstrates that Prion proteins lower cellular oxidative stress via GPX8, remodel membrane lipids, and together with RAC3, sensitize cells to ferroptotic death, highlighting new therapeutic targets in prion diseases.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

Tough hydrogels have potential in a range of applications, but achieving the required balance of properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report the use of carbon dots to induce the formation of crystalline domains in hydrogels, to give materials with favourable properties.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Stress stimulation-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is an essential feature of living organisms, but its biophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, the authors report a UV-light stress stimulation behaviour in a binary community of synthetic protocells of condensates and proteinosomes, showing that condensates could behave like condensate pumps to enable a stepwise controlled transmembrane mass transfer regardless of the permeability barrier of proteinosomes.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a ___location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Electroreduction of low-concentration NO₃⁻ to NH₃ is limited by NO₃⁻ mass transfer. Here, the authors propose a strategy for NO₃ ⁻ enrichment through charge rearrangement within the inner Helmholtz plane, achieving near-unity conversion of NO₃⁻ to NH₃.

Chiral state transfer typically requires nonadiabatic transitions and ultra-complex experimental control. Here, authors demonstrate a new mechanism arising from basins of attraction, enabling nonlinear chiral-like state transfer with a minimal set of parameters.

Neural networks fundamentally dictate function. Here, the authors show thirteen uniquely connected neuron populations within the anterior thalamic nuclei, suggesting multiple parallel subnetworks support its emotional and cognitive functions.

Traditional lithographic techniques could damage organic semiconductor crystals due to high-energy beams or solvents. Here, authors employ a chemical-free nanoimprint crystallography method for fabrication of independent complex 2D patterns that exhibit good lasing performance and reproducibility.