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This study reveals that the varying responses of plant biomass to phosphorus addition across plant functional groups align with the leaf economics spectrum, with plants characterized by more acquisitive traits exhibiting stronger responses to phosphorus addition.

Influenza A HA plasticity often leads to resistant strains that compromise mAb potency as bivalent IgGs. Here, the authors show that engineered IgM molecules overcome this resistance by expanded avidity but still provide potent neutralization and in vivo protection while retaining parental IgG specificity.

This study highlights the role Polar regions as a limiting factor in global sustainability due to teleconnection effects, and then propose a SDG target, key indicators, and emphasize Indigenous inclusion and global action.

Cryo-EM structures reveal how the first-in-class antifungal drug manogepix inhibits fungal GWT1, a key enzyme for GPI-anchored protein synthesis. The study uncovers manogepix’s competitive binding mechanism and explains drug resistance, offering insights for more effective antifungal therapies.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

Tree diversity can enhance carbon and nitrogen sequestration in both biomass and soils, but its effects across different environmental conditions remain unclear. This study shows that promoting tree functional diversity can increase carbon and nitrogen accumulation more in resource-rich environments.

Soil nitrogen is vital for terrestrial ecosystems. This study finds that soil nitrogen increases with the number and age of plant species, suggesting another benefit from conserving plant diversity.

In a randomized controlled trial involving patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, treatment with Qiliqiangxin, a traditional Chinese medicine derived from 11 types of plants, decreased the incidence of cardiac events, as compared to placebo.

A genome-wide association study suggests 41 previously unreported loci on top of the 23 known loci that influence the disease risk for lumbar disc herniations. Many of these loci harbour genes implicated in disc structure and inflammation, as well as genes related to the nervous system and nerve function.

The effect of plant biodiversity on microbial function has been tested in limited studies and is likely to be context-dependent. In this meta-analysis of 106 prior studies comparing plant monocultures to mixtures, the authors find that plant diversity increases microbial biomass and respiration rates, an effect moderated by stand age.

Tumour-derived lactate activates adipose GPR81, which in turn leads to cachexia. Targeting GPR81 and its downstream signalling pathway holds therapeutic potential for treating cancer cachexia.

Analysis of data from the Canadian National Forest Inventory database suggests that greater tree diversity in natural forests is associated with increases in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks.

In a meta-analysis of studies comparing monocultures to plant species mixtures, the authors show that mixtures increase three different variables related to the phosphorus cycle: soil total phosphorus, phosphatase activity and available phosphorus.

A meta-analysis of 335 studies reveals that microbial inoculants have overall positive effects on the biomass of soil microbial communities. These effects were weakened by environmental stress and strengthened by the use of fertilizers and native inoculants.

Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune liver disease. Here, the authors show that variants in interleukin genes which potentially deregulate their expression are associated with this condition, and suggest that the IL21 signalling pathway may have a role in disease aetiology.

Plant and soil C:N:P ratios are critical to ecosystem functioning, but it remains uncertain how plant diversity affects terrestrial C:N:P. In this meta-analysis of 169 studies, the authors find that plant mixtures can balance plant and soil C:N:P ratios according to background soil C:N:P.

Lateral hypothalamus (LH) plays an role in drug addiction. Here, authors present evidence for disinhibited LH glutamatergic neurons by neural circuits from nucleus accumbens to contribute to context-induced expression of morphine withdrawal memory.

The influence of X chromosome genetic variation on blood lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not well understood. Here, the authors analyse X chromosome sequencing data across 65,322 multi-ancestry individuals, identifying associations of the Xq23 locus with lipid changes and reduced risk of CHD and diabetes mellitus.

While dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is known to metabolize the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the function of DDAH2 has remained controversial. Here, the authors present several lines of evidence that DDAH2 does not hydrolyze ADMA.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

In a large and prospective cohort, higher polygenic risk is associated with higher risk and earlier age of onset for cardiometabolic disorders and cancer, and has added value to clinical risk scores in clinical disease prediction.

Genome-wide association studies of individuals from an isolated population (data from the Finnish biobank study FinnGen) and consequent meta-analyses facilitate the identification of previously unknown coding variant associations for both rare and common diseases.

Jian Li and Xinli Ma et al. present a 2.53 Å crystal structure of a complex consisting of the human p53-related protein kinase (PRPK), TP53RK-binding protein, and adenylyl-imidodiphosphate. They find that one disease mutation, PRPK K238Nfs*2, is important for PRPK’s binding to O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase, providing insights into rational drug design.

SUR2-containing KATP channels are drug targets for certain vasodilators. Here, the authors determine high-resolution cryo-EM structures of SUR2 in complex with two vasodilators, P1075 and levcromakalim, uncovering the mechanisms of these drugs.

Narcolepsy has genetic and environmental risk factors, but the specific genetic risk loci and interaction with environmental triggers are not well understood. Here, the authors identify genetic loci for narcolepsy, suggesting infection as a trigger and dendritic and helper T cell involvement.

Soumya Raychaudhuri and colleagues present a detailed analysis of the association between the HLA region and type 1 diabetes risk. They find that variants at three amino acid positions in HLA-DQβ1 and HLA-DRβ1 account for a large fraction of the association signal, acting through a combination of additive and interaction effects.

An analysis of 30 years of data on patent publications from the US Patent and Trademark Office, the European Patent Office and the Japan Patent Office confirms the dominance of companies and selected academic institutions from the US, Europe and Japan in the commercialization of nanotechnology.

The burden of mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood-derived DNA, a type of clonal hematopoiesis, is associated with an increased risk for diverse types of infections, including sepsis and pneumonia.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Characterization of 22-nucleotide short interfering RNAs in plants finds that they accumulate in response to environmental stress, causing translational repression, inhibition of plant growth and enhanced stress responses.

Many genetic factors that contribute to uterine leiomyomata (UL) - the most common tumours of the female genital tract - remain to be discovered. Here, the authors conduct a UL meta-genome-wide association study, and find loci related to altered muscle tissue biology that are associated with UL.

Identifying women at high risk of breast cancer has important implications for screening. Here, the authors demonstrate that polygenic risk scores improve breast cancer risk prediction in the population, in women with mutations in high-risk genes and in women with close relatives with the disease.

Reconstructed Arctic amplification shows a significant downward trend over the past millennium which can to a large part be explained by the strength of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and recent anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with plasma lipid levels. Here, Tabassum et al. perform genome-wide association studies for lipidomic profiles with 141 (non-standard) lipid species which highlights shared genetic loci with CVD and that traditional lipids have low genetic correlation with other lipids.

A study reveals that activation of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor signalling is an important mechanism for boosting plant defence during pattern-triggered immunity.

Nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat ___domain proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in plants and animals. Huang et al.identify a mitochondrial inner membrane protein AtPAM16 in Arabidopsis, which contributes to negative regulation of NLR-mediated immunity.