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The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Seepage can be an issue in haemostatic dressings. Here, the authors combine anionic and cationic nanofibers, which can absorb surface blood and form a seal, encapsulating blood components and forming a rapid thrombus while remaining biocompatibility and biodegradation properties.

Succinylation of PD-L1 by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in melanoma leads to its degradation and enhanced T cell-dependent killing in vitro. Increasing CPT1A levels synergizes with anti-CTLA-4 treatment to suppress tumor growth in a mouse melanoma model.

Glioma is a complex disease, and prognosis can depend on clinical, genomic and radiological information. Here, the authors develop a multimodal fusion subtyping model to integrate data modalities for predicting glioma subtypes.

PTOV1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, PTOV1 directly binds to ZNF449, and then the complex synergistically promotes the transcription of MYC. The PTOV1/ZNF449/MYC axis may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC.

It remains unclear if the benefits of a healthy lifestyle outweigh the influence of genetics on the risk of cognitive decline in older adults. Here the authors find that adherence to a favorable lifestyle even in late-life might offset the genetic risk for accelerated cognitive decline.

Ancient DNA, stable isotopes and other archaeological methods establish that humans were living at extremely high elevation on the Tibetan Plateau 4,400 years ago, maintaining sedentary lifestyles that combined fishing, hunting and crop exchange.

This article presents a polymeric membrane-enclosed insulin crystal equipped with physiological signal-sensing microdomains, dubbed ‘smart drug crystals’, that enables long-term, glucose- and β-hydroxybutyrate-dually responsive drug release for type 1 diabetes therapy.

Multivalent antigen display on nanoparticles can enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines targeting viral moieties. Here the authors employ DNA origami to rationally design and assemble nanovaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and characterize cellular and humoral immune response in female mice.

Age is closely related to health, but chronologically defined age often disagrees with biological age. Here, the authors develop an indicator of biological age - LensAge index - to reveal individuals’ aging level, and it can be implemented with smartphones, showing potential for self-monitoring of aging.

Dong and colleagues describe how T_FH cells initially interact with dendritic cells in colonic lymphoid follicles and further differentiate into long-lived pathogenic T_H1 cells, promoting the progression of colitis.

Stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment are reported to regulate cancer stemness via biomechanical signals. Here the authors show that TAZ activated by biomechanical cues enhanced cancer stem cell properties via phase separation with Nanog.

Orally administrable and glucose-responsive worm-like micelles have been developed to protect insulin in the gastrointestinal tract, enhance its intestinal absorption, accumulate in the liver and enable efficient and safe blood-glucose management.

Porphyrins are produced at scale through metabolic engineering and optimization of CPIII purification.

Kagome superconductors host a panoply of condensed matter phenomena, some of which are mediated by band topology. Here, authors use ARPES and DFT to identify type-II and type-III Dirac nodal lines, flat bands and topological surface states in the kagome metal CsTi₃Bi₅.

Wireless bioelectronics integrates untethered controlled-release, wireless power and communication modules into drug delivery systems (DDSs), enabling dynamic, precise drug dosage and release adjustments and shaping the next generation of DDSs — wirelessly controlled DDSs (Will-DDSs).

α-Functionalized Si-, Ge-, B-, Se-, and S- amide moieties are present in many medically active molecules, but their synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a high-throughput synthesis using amide-sulfoxonium ylides as carbene precursors in a Si–H, Ge–H, B–H, Se–H, and S–H insertion reactions to target a wide range of α-silyl, α-geryl, α-boryl, α-selenyl, and α-sulfur (hetero)amides.

This study identifies parallel gut–brain pathways that fine-tune feeding. Distinct brainstem neurons and visceral afferents either sense esophageal stretch to regulate eating speed or detect gut nutrients to shape long-term food choices and satiety.

Identification of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures could be used to improve cancer clinical outcome. Here the authors developed a machine learning-based integrative procedure to construct a consensus immune-related lncRNA signature to predict prognosis, recurrence and treatment benefits in colorectal cancer.

Predicting haploinsufficient genes helps to understand the genetic risk underlying developmental disorders. Here, the authors develop a Random Forest-based method that uses epigenomic data to predict haploinsufficiency, Episcore, which is complementary to methods based on mutation intolerance scores.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of homo- and heterodimers of mGlu2 and mGlu7 provide insights into their dimerization modes and the subunit conformational changes that characterize the activation of these class C G-protein-coupled receptors.

Super-resolution imaging based on autocorrelation with two-step deconvolution (SACD) enables recording super-resolution images with 128-nm spatial resolution over a field of view of 2.0 mm × 1.4 mm within a 10-min acquisition time.

Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes are susceptible to challenges with surface reconstruction and strain propagation, limiting their cyclability. The authors propose a solution involving oriented attachment-driven reactions, utilizing Wadsley–Roth nanocrystals and layered oxide to induce an epitaxial entropy-assisted coating, effectively addressing these issues.

Oxygen redox instability at high voltages hinders the application of high-energy battery cathodes. Here the authors report that elimination of ___domain boundaries in single-crystal cathodes improves the redox stability and consequently the electrochemical performance in extended high-voltage cycling.

Here, the authors present a pig integrated gene catalog and metagenome-assembled genomes, which they construct from swine gut microbiomes spanning various ages, sexes, breeds, geographical locations, domestication, and gut locations by metagenomic sequencing, providing expanded resources for pig microbiome studies.

The host blood-type-associated ABO genotype affects the abundance of specific bacteria in the pig intestine.

DNA from neutrophil extracellular traps interacts with the transmembrane receptor CCDC25 on cancer cells, activating the ILK-β-parvin pathway to enhance cell motility and promote distant metastases.

Intensive research efforts are underway to enable applications of layered lithium transition metal oxides in batteries. Here the authors report an oxidative chemical vapour deposition technique to conformally coat both the primary and the secondary particles of these oxides to unleash potential applications.

Li et al. demonstrate mitochondrial fission in macrophages as key for phagocytosis induced by therapeutic antibodies. They identify overexpression of GFPT2 as an inhibitor of the process and phase transition of the phagocytic machinery as its regulator.

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships may vary with climate. Here, the authors study relationships of plant and soil microbial diversity with soil nutrient multifunctionality in 130 dryland sites in China, finding a shift towards greater importance of soil microbial diversity in arid conditions.

Current methods for analysing protein structures and interactions generally require the separation of specific organelles or changes to the intracellular environment. Here, authors developed nanocarrier-based cross-linking mass spectrometry techniques to assess mitochondrial proteins within living cells.

Splicing of transcripts containing micro and small exons requires specific factors. This study shows that GRP20 regulates micro- and small-exon retention of transcripts including floral homeotic genes, whose splicing is crucial for flower development.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of mGlu2 and mGlu4 bound to heterotrimeric G_i protein shed light on the molecular basis of asymmetric signal transduction by metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Miscanthus is widely used as a feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production. Genome sequencing shows that M. floridulus is most distantly related to other Miscanthus species and is more genetically diverse.

Tuberal nucleus SST⁺ neurons respond to palatable food. The activity of these SST neurons together with their plastic inputs from the ventral subiculum play critical roles in contextually conditioned feeding.