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Traditional theory favors positively charged membranes for Li+ /Mg2+ separation, but practical use prefers negatively charged ones. The authors uncover a counter-ion competition mechanism in negatively charged nanofiltration membranes, achieving high Mg2+ rejection and exceptional Li+ permeability.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

Thermogenic proteins like PGC1α are downregulated under thermal stress, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that chaperone-mediated autophagy, regulated by PARK7, controls PGC1α stability and BAT function at thermoneutrality.

Neural mechanisms underlying strengthening of escape behaviors are not fully understood. Here authors show that mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex)/VTg (ventral tegmental nucleus of gudden) to cholecystokinin expressing neurons in PMd (dorsal premammillary nucleus) neural pathway controls the threat memory-driven strengthening of escape. Furthermore, authors demonstrate a heterosynaptic role of eCB (endocannabinoid) signaling as the underlying molecular mechanism.

Single-atom catalysts commonly present a random distribution of the active metal centres. Now a series of Mg-rich intermetallic compounds is introduced to enable ordered dispersed active metals. Furthermore, a cascade process is demonstrated on Mg₂₉Pd_1.3Rh_2.7, where Pd sites catalyse the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene with subsequent hydroformylation on Rh sites.

Chen, Zhou, Xue et al. show that psychological stress leads to noradrenaline release and Alkbh5 downregulation, causing the transfer of extracellular vesicles containing m⁶A-modified RNAs to neurons to regulate innervation and pancreatic cancer development.

Genetic testing is crucial for precision cancer medicine. Here, the authors develop a one-pot ERA-CRISPR assay to detect variable same-site indels, using an engineered AsCas12a variant with improved mismatch tolerance and broadened PAM scope.

CLAPM uses proximity labeling mass spectrometry to monitor proteomes within phase-separated droplets. This approach identifies condensate-specific proteins to assess proteome dynamics in various cell types and a neurodegenerative disease mouse model.

Isotope engineering can enhance spin coherence of solid-state defects, such as NV centers in diamond but progress for defects in hBN has been limited. Gong et al. report the optimization of isotopes in hBN and demonstrate improved coherence and relaxation times for the negatively charged boron vacancy centers.

Whole-brain c-fos staining reveals key brain regions regulating tactile contact behavior during social interaction.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Climate-driven warming affects the reproduction of oviparous ectotherms. Here, authors identify and characterize a VtgR-mediated heat protection mechanism for oocyte development in both mud crabs and zebrafish.

Propane dehydrogenation is challenging to perform under mild conditions due to the reaction’s endothermic nature. Now, near-ambient propane dehydrogenation has been shown using copper single-atom catalysts supported on titanium oxide under light illumination and a water vapour environment.

This work proposes a cracking control strategy using MXene and silver nanowire composite films to achieve a stretchable strain sensor system with high resolution, range, sensitivity, speed, and stability

Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are emerging regulated forms of cell death promising for cancer therapy. Here this group reports fabricating folic acid and croconaine functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for mobilizing intracellular stores of endogenous iron, and spatiotemporally controlling lysosome-intrinsic Fenton chemistry, thereby triggering lysosomal membrane permeabilization-associated ferroptosis and pyroptosis dual-induction.

Antifungal proteins (AFPs) produced by filamentous ascomycetes are effective against fungal infection e.g., Aspergillus flavus that can cause aspergillosis on corn and peanut and aflatoxin production. Here, the author report two AFPs and their interacting protein Ntp1 in mediating fungal growth, toxin synthesis and pathogenicity.

An optical method images nonlinear optical processes in waveguides with femtosecond and nanometre precision. The approach is used to achieve phase-matched second-harmonic generation in 3R-MoS₂ waveguides.

Xu, Liang, Li, Dang et al. delineate the clathrin-associated fast endosomal recycling pathway, which involves clathrin-associated carriers derived from early endosomes partially fusing with the plasma membrane before release from the membrane.

The site-specific DNA inversion system is a versatile tool for genetic engineering. Here, authors developed a multiplexed DNA inversion system, Rci51-5/multi-sfxa101, in eukaryotes, facilitating promoter substitution for metabolic engineering applications.

Commercially viable catalytic CO₂ electroreduction to CO would enable many green technologies, yet it is impeded by the initial hydrogenation step of CO₂. Here, the authors report Ni-Cd dual atom catalysts with complementary properties of favorable adsorption of CO₂ and H to overcome this barrier.

In a randomized controlled trial involving patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, treatment with Qiliqiangxin, a traditional Chinese medicine derived from 11 types of plants, decreased the incidence of cardiac events, as compared to placebo.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The Data Provenance Initiative audits over 1,800 text artificial intelligence (AI) datasets, analysing trends, permissions of use and global representation. It exposes frequent errors on several major data hosting sites and offers tools for transparent and informed use of AI training data.

A comprehensive time series characterization of a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury with spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing identifies zonal responses to insult, such as cholangiocyte signaling recruiting lipid-associated macrophages.

A Stereo-seq and scRNA-seq atlas of mouse liver in homeostasis and regeneration after partial hepatectomy identifies zonated genes, pathways, cell–cell interactions and gene regulatory networks. Functional validation finds that cooperation between TBL1XR1 and β-catenin activates hepatocyte proliferation.

An echomyography system based on a single transducer can be integrated into a wearable patch and used to monitor breathing patterns and hand gestures.

TRIM28 is known to recruit chromatin modifiers to its target regions to co-regulate gene expression in multiple cell types. Here authors show that in CD8⁺ T cells, TRIM28 is an integrant part of the larger-scale chromatin architecture that characterises the activated functional state but dispensable for CD8 T cell maturation.

Researchers created a periodically poled van der Waals semiconductor (3R-MoS₂) and achieved a macroscopic frequency conversion efficiency of 0.03% over a thickness of 3.4 μm. The quasi-phase-matched second harmonic signal surpasses the usual quadratic enhancement by 50% and broadband generation of photon pairs at telecom wavelength is demonstrated with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 638 ± 75.

Despite initial treatment with surgical resection, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) frequently recurs. Here the authors report the design of an immunostimulatory autolysing Salmonella based-nanocapsule delivery system, promoting anti-tumor immune responses and preventing postoperative relapse in preclinical GBM models.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are essential for modern medical imaging, but existing MRI contrast agents have limitations that result in poor resolution and ineffective long-term monitoring. Here, the authors report the development of a T1-MRI contrast agent based on a variant of lanmodulin, LanND-Gd, with efficient renal clearance, high relaxivity, and prolonged renal retention compared with commercially available contrast agents.

A wearable ultrasound patch monitors subjects in motion using machine learning and wireless electronics.

Errors during spermiogenesis frequently result in male infertility, though the genetics underlying infertility are not well understood. Here they identify mutations in CEP112 that disrupt its ability to form phase-separated condensates and regulate translation of key fertility-related genes, thereby resulting in infertility.

Silicon is an abundant element on earth and is perfectly compatible with the well-established CMOS processing industry. Here, Sun et al. demonstrate multifunctional neuromorphic devices based on silicon nanosheet stacks, bringing silicon back as a potential material for neuromorphic devices.

Understanding antibody responses to Sars-CoV-2 proteins over time is complicated by many variables. Here the authors survey IgM and IgG antibodies against S protein, RBD and nucleoprotein in a large cohort of infected and recovering severe vs. moderate COVID-19 patients, comparing against clinical parameters and immunological readouts.

The increasing scale of single-cell RNA-seq studies presents new challenge for integrating datasets from different batches. Here, the authors develop scDML, a tool that simultaneously removes batch effects, improves clustering performance, recovers true cell types, and scales well to large datasets.

Validation of the safety and performance of a wearable ultrasound sensor for the monitoring of blood pressure in clinical settings showed that the sensor met established safety and accuracy requirements.

Poor renal distribution of antibody-based drugs limits the treatment efficiency for diabetic nephropathy and causes side effects. Here, the authors prepare an antibody fragment drug conjugate, antiVEGFR2 F(ab′)2-SS31, improving renal distribution and meriting drug validation in diabetic nephropathy therapy.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

LaAlO₃/KTaO₃ interfaces show novel orientation-dependent superconductivity. Here, the authors directly reveal the interfacial electronic structures and suggest that higher superconducting transition is related with stronger electron-phonon coupling.