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Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

The outer surface protein CspZ is a potential vaccine candidate of Borrelia burgdorferi for Lyme disease prevention. Here, using structure-based design, the authors generate a mutant CspZ protein with increased stability and improved immunogenicity, exposing protective epitopes.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

The 4Pi-SIM microscope combines the benefits of structured illumination microscopy with 4Pi geometry for improved axial resolution, offering isotropic, multicolor super-resolution imaging of dynamic processes in living cells.

Three-dimensional multiplane structured illumination microscopy, combining three-beam interference, multiplane detection and a synergistically evolved reconstruction algorithm, enables 3D imaging at rates of up to 11 volumes per second in live cells with lateral and axial spatial resolutions of 120 and 300 nm, respectively.

Insulinomas develop from pancreatic β-cells and secrete insulin, but the underlying genetic defects are largely unknown. In this study, Cao et al. identify recurrent T372R mutations in the transcription factor YY1, and validate this hotspot mutation in 30% of insulinomas.

Conversion of methane into ethylene is important for chemical feedstocks, but is challenged by catalysts with low selectivity and performance degradation. Here the authors report electrochemical oxidation of methane in a solid oxide electrolyzer, achieving ethylene production with high selectivity and yield.

De novo genome assemblies of 12 species from Aurantioideae and pangenome analyses provide insights into the origin and evolution of the orange subfamily and the genetic basis of flavor in citrus fruits.

Nitrogen removal occurs primarily through microbially mediated denitrification, which produces the GHG N₂O, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which does not. Warming stimulates denitrification relative to annamox in subtropical sediments, indicating that warming could lead to greater N₂O production.

Pharmacological interventions against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury remain limited. Here, the authors provide a nanotherapeutics-based solution combining reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitric oxide modulation.

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are synthesized by some species in Solanaceae. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of two representative TAs producing species, show that gene loss shapes uneven distribution of TAs in Solanaceae, and identify a cytochrome P450 gene catalyzing N-demethylation of hyoscyamine to generate norhyoscyamine.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

One cause of relapse in cancer patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is the loss of CAR-targeted antigens, which is particularly common in multiple myeloma (MM). Here the authors engineer a CAR recognizing two common MM-associated antigens and demonstrate its superiority to single-antigen CARs in a mouse model of MM.

Computer-assisted diagnosis is key for scaling up cervical cancer screening, but current algorithms perform poorly on whole slide image analysis and generalization. Here, the authors present a WSI classification and top lesion cell recommendation system using deep learning, and achieve comparable results with cytologists.

MEN1 gene encodes menin, a nuclear scaffold protein that regulates transcription and is often inactivated in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs). Here Jiang et al. show that MEN1-driven PNET development involves activation of β-catenin, and that β-catenin deletion ameliorates the disease.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

While ferroelectric materials are promising candidates for solar water splitting, most examples show poor activities. Here, authors prepare charge-collecting nanostructures on the positive and negative domains of BaTiO₃ and demonstrate photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 3% of the population. Here, Zuo et al.perform exome array analysis, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 15 new loci, implicating several biological pathways in psoriasis risk and disease heritability.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

Development of lithium-sulfur cells is hindered by many problems such as the dissolution of polysulfides. Here, the authors use thin nickel-based hydroxide layers to entrap both sulfur and intermediate polysulfides in the cathode, which mitigates the problems leading to high battery performance.

A direct search for effective electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and xenon nuclei that produce a recoil of the latter is carried out and the first constraint on charge radius of dark matter is derived.

The study explores immune evasion mechanisms of T. marneffei infection, highlighting the role of alternative splicing (AS). T. marneffei triggers the upregulation of NCOR2-013, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production via histone acetylation. TUT1 regulates NCOR2-013, contributing to immune evasion. This sheds light on T. marneffei’s immune evasion at the molecular level, offering potential talaromycosis therapy targets.