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Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent and complex disorder in older adults. Guo et al. identify human antigen R as a regulator of ARHL in aged mice and demonstrate that cochlear human antigen R overexpression alleviates ARHL, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for the condition.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

The joint effects of chemical pollution and climate change on soil food webs remain underexplored. This Progress discusses the impacts of these stressors on soil food web structure along with a potential framework to mitigate the adverse effects on soil functions.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

3D printing of concrete structures can reduce the materials and labour required to construct infrastructure and buildings relative to widely used formwork-based methods. This Review describes the use of 3D concrete printing, its application in sustainable building strategies and its implementation, limitations and impacts.

Three-dimensional multiplane structured illumination microscopy, combining three-beam interference, multiplane detection and a synergistically evolved reconstruction algorithm, enables 3D imaging at rates of up to 11 volumes per second in live cells with lateral and axial spatial resolutions of 120 and 300 nm, respectively.

The 4Pi-SIM microscope combines the benefits of structured illumination microscopy with 4Pi geometry for improved axial resolution, offering isotropic, multicolor super-resolution imaging of dynamic processes in living cells.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Ferroelectrics, which exhibit excellent charge separation ability, suffer from poor photocatalytic activity. The authors unveil the limitations in charge extraction and offer strategies to design high-performance photocatalysts by eliminating surface defects.

Understanding the genetic basis of rubber tree domestication is critical for improving natural rubber production. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and conduct population and genetic association analyses to reveal the function of phytosulfokine in regulating number of laticifer rings.

HLA-I plays a key role in triggering an immune response and predicting immune checkpoint efficacy. Here the authors develop a method for quantifying HLA-I neoantigen presentation capacity by integrating HLA-I allele divergence and neoantigens numbers, termed HAPS, to describe how immune checkpoint response may be mediated by HLA.

Brain imaging-based disease progression modelling is a promising technique for disease stratification. Here the authors characterize distinct ‘trajectories’ of brain atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy and identify four subtypes with distinct neuroanatomical signatures.

De novo genome assemblies of 12 species from Aurantioideae and pangenome analyses provide insights into the origin and evolution of the orange subfamily and the genetic basis of flavor in citrus fruits.

C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is expressed on inflammatory populations of monocytes and macrophages that contribute to heart failure. In this study, Lavine et al. establish the feasibility of CCR2 imaging in patients who have had a myocardial infarction.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting up to 3% of the population. Here, Zuo et al.perform exome array analysis, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 15 new loci, implicating several biological pathways in psoriasis risk and disease heritability.

A direct search for effective electromagnetic interactions between dark matter and xenon nuclei that produce a recoil of the latter is carried out and the first constraint on charge radius of dark matter is derived.

While ferroelectric materials are promising candidates for solar water splitting, most examples show poor activities. Here, authors prepare charge-collecting nanostructures on the positive and negative domains of BaTiO₃ and demonstrate photocatalytic overall water splitting.

The diverse yet patterned expression of clustered protocadherins regulates the precise spatial arrangement and synaptic connectivity of excitatory neurons in the mouse neocortex.

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are synthesized by some species in Solanaceae. Here, the authors assemble the genomes of two representative TAs producing species, show that gene loss shapes uneven distribution of TAs in Solanaceae, and identify a cytochrome P450 gene catalyzing N-demethylation of hyoscyamine to generate norhyoscyamine.

MEN1 gene encodes menin, a nuclear scaffold protein that regulates transcription and is often inactivated in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs). Here Jiang et al. show that MEN1-driven PNET development involves activation of β-catenin, and that β-catenin deletion ameliorates the disease.

Zhao and colleagues find that neuropathic pain is accompanied by an increase in the expression of an antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that downregulates Kcna2 currents and increases excitability in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Preventing the expression of the so-called Kcna2 antisense RNA mitigates neuropathic pain symptoms.

Computer-assisted diagnosis is key for scaling up cervical cancer screening, but current algorithms perform poorly on whole slide image analysis and generalization. Here, the authors present a WSI classification and top lesion cell recommendation system using deep learning, and achieve comparable results with cytologists.

Pharmacological interventions against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury remain limited. Here, the authors provide a nanotherapeutics-based solution combining reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitric oxide modulation.

High-rate electrode materials are the key to fast-charging batteries that can store large quantities of charge in minutes or even seconds. Here the authors introduce adaptive carbon layer to oxygen defective Ti₂Nb₁₀O₂₉ forming composite electrodes that deliver impressive rate performance and stability.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

Solar-to-fuel conversion represents a renewable means to harvest sunlight, but the most efficient materials are often expensive or rare. Here, authors demonstrate gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunctions as a method to improve photoelectrochemical water splitting performances.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

Coupling light-inducible bacterial biofilm formation with hydroxyapatite mineralization enables the synthesis of living patterned and gradient composite biomaterials with control over the degree of mineralization and the ability to self-heal.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.