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Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease worldwide. Authors created a Salmonella database and present a genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance, identifying some socioeconomic and environmental drivers for the rise of resistance globally.

Silicon electrodes in lithium-ion batteries are severely limited by the stress that arises from large volume changes during cycling. Here, authors exploit the inherent volume change dynamics of silicon and sulfur electrodes and design a stress-neutralized solid-state battery.

Long, chemically modified pegRNAs are rapidly synthesized using an optimized splint ligation approach.

The anomalous Hall angle parameter tanθ^A can be formulated as a function of the product of electrical resistivity and anomalous Hall conductivity, a scheme that allows the anomalous Hall angle in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co₃Sn₂S₂ to be increased to 25°.

From 2000 to 2023, Northeast Asia saw a net loss of surface water in Far East Russia due to rising temperatures and evaporative demand, and a net gain in Northeast China driven by increased precipitation and irrigation infrastructure, according to integrated analysis of remote sensing, climate, and anthropogenic data.

Population genetics studies provide valuable insight into human evolution and migration. Here, the authors have sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 1,054 Cambodians across 14 populations, reporting eight ancient mtDNA lineages and providing evidence for human migration to Southeast Asia via India.

Dynamic cell walls enable stomata rapidly responding to the environment. Here the authors report that a maize epimerase is involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and glycosylation modulation during stomatal morphogenesis.

This study introduces a reconfigurable MoS2-based neuromorphic hardware that integrates synaptic, heterosynaptic, and somatic functionalities. It adapts to diverse tasks like medical image enhancement and smart perception, advancing flexible, general-purpose computing solutions.

Mi-2β is an enzyme of the chromodomain helicase DNA family with roles in chromatin assembly, genomic stability and gene repression. Here the authors report that Mi-2β promotes immune evasion by activating EZH2 methylation and that loss of Mi-2β or its inhibition promote anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical melanoma models.

Mean summer temperature in Eastern China has increased by 0.82 °C since the 1950s and five of the hottest summers have occurred since 2000. This study estimates anthropogenic influence to have caused a greater than 60-fold increase in the likelihood of extreme summer heat and projects that hot summers will continue to increase in frequency.

Alternative splicing at the Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule gene generates 38,016 isoforms, and underlies self-avoidance of growing neurons. Wang et al. identify a structure in the DSCAM mRNA that ensures mutually exclusive splicing and observe expansion of the structure with increasing number of exons during arthropod evolution.

Researchers demonstrate a single phase Mg₂Ni(Cu) alloy via atomic reconstruction to achieve the ideal integration of photothermal and catalytic effects, leading to a 6.1 wt. % H₂ reversible capacity with 95 % retention under 3.5 W cm⁻².

Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia can decrease pollutants and produce high-value ammonia. Here, the authors design a Fe/Cu diatomic catalyst on nitrogen-doped graphene, which exhibits high catalytic activities of and selectivity for ammonia.

The contribution of urbanization to warming in China has been difficult to quantify owing to the proximity of rural stations to urban areas. A novel detection and attribution analysis separates the contribution of all external forcings, and shows that urbanization accounts for about one-third (0.5 °C) of the total warming signal in China (1.4 °C).

EGFR amplification can affect temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastomas (GBM). Here the authors show that EGFR signalling mediates lysine methylation of NFAT5 which contributes to reduced efficacy of temozolomide in GBM.

In this study, the authors identify and characterize distinct Salmonella Typhimurium rough colony strains, likely originating from Chinese smooth colony strains around 1977 that predominantly belong to sublineage L6.5 and carry a specific csgD promoter mutation.

Catastrophically mechanical failure, of soft self-healing materials often stems from its poor resistance to crack, propagation. Here, the authors present a strategy of surpassing trade-off, between soft self-healing and high fracture toughness, enabling the, conversion of soft and weak into soft yet tough self-healing materials.

Evaluating sea-level projections used by the IPCC is challenging due to the short overlap with measurements. Here, the authors show that observed global and regional sea-level trends confirm projections and that the acceleration of sea-level rise is between the one expected from the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.

Neuronal activities in the central amygdala and paraventricular nucleus are transmitted via the splenic nerve to increase plasma cell formation after immunization, and this process can be behaviourally enhanced in mice.

A study that compares observed changes in precipitation over land averaged across latitudinal bands with changes simulated by climate models finds that human activity has had a detectable influence on the latitudinal pattern of precipitation change. Such human-induced changes contributed to the increase in precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and the decrease in precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics that occurred over the twentieth century.

Cytokinins are a major group of plant hormones that control plant development and some of these hormone species are translocated from roots to shoots, but how they are transported in planta is unknown. Here, ABCG14 is shown to transport cytokinins from the roots of Arabidopsisto the shoots.

Tibetan adaptation to the high-altitude environment represents a case of natural selection during recent human evolution. Here the authors investigated the chromatin and transcriptional landscape of umbilical endothelial cells from Tibetan and Han Chinese donors and provide genome-wide characterization of the hypoxia regulatory network associated high-altitude adaptation.

Changes in European river flow have amplified the dry-south–wet-north contrast. Model simulations show that anthropogenic climate change accounts for this change with strong decreases in the Mediterranean and weak increases in northern Europe.

Variation in the IL-7 receptor is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Jingwu Zhang and his colleagues provide an explanation. They show that the cytokine IL-7 regulates the surival and proliferation of T helper type 17 cells—a cell type known to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The findings suggest that IL-7 antagonism could be useful in individuals with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (pages 166–168).

This work investigates when the anthropogenic signal in regional sea-level rise will emerge from natural variability. Considering thermal expansion and changes in density and circulation, 50% of the global ocean will show an anthropogenic signal by the early-to-mid 2040s, whereas when all variables are considered, the anthropogenic signal will emerge in over 50% of the global ocean by 2020. This is substantially earlier than for surface air temperature and has little dependence on emissions scenarios.

A significant effect of anthropogenic activities has already been detected in observed trends in temperature and mean precipitation. But so far, no study has formally identified such a human fingerprint on extreme precipitation — an increase in which is one of the central theoretical expectations for a warming climate. This study compares observations and simulations and detects a statistically significant effect of increased greenhouse gases on observed increases in extreme precipitation events over much of the Northern Hemisphere land area.

The Southern Annular Mode and ENSO are the main drivers of recent decadal variability in Antarctic ice mass, according to analysis of satellite-based gravimetric observations.

The efficiency of cellulosic biofuel production from woody biomass is limited by the presence of lignin that impedes efficient processing. Here the authors show that transgenic modification of aspen to depress lignin polymerization can increase ethanol yield without affecting tree growth.

The authors provide evidence in mice and humans showing that parenteral nutrition impairs glucose and insulin homeostasis by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Mountain snowpack in the western United States has declined over the past three decades. Fyfeet al. show that this trend cannot be explained by natural variability alone and show that under a business-as-usual scenario a further loss of up to 60% in mountain snowpack is projected in the coming three decades.

TNF-α suppresses regulatory T (T_reg) cell function, however the mechanism remains unclear. Here Jingwu Z Zhang and colleagues find that in activated T cells, phosphorylation of FOXP3 promotes its transcriptional activity. TNF-α induces protein phosphatase 1 expression, leading to dephosphorylation of FOXP3 and inhibition of T_reg cell function. In individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, TNF-α–specific antibody treatment restores T_reg cell activity and FOXP3 phosphorylation, suggesting that post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, regulate FOXP3 activity and T_reg cell–mediated suppression.

Three-dimensional graphene offers an ideal sheet-to-sheet connectivity of assembled graphenes, but often suffers from poor electrochemical performance. Wang et al. present a sugar-blowing technique to prepare a 3D graphene, which overcomes such problems and shows potential in supercapacitor applications.

Between 1955 and 2000 stratospheric ozone decreased and tropospheric ozone increased. Model analysis shows that these ozone changes each drove warming of the Southern Ocean through distinct mechanisms and together account for ~30% of the net subsurface Southern Ocean heat content increases over the same period, with the larger contribution from tropospheric increases.