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Atrial fibrillation is a prevalent and serious arrhythmia associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here the authors show a contactless, operation-free, and device-free AF detection framework utilizing artificial intelligence-powered radio technology, achieving performance comparable to conventional ECG-based methods.

The authors present a 3D map of nearly all cells in C. elegans embryos, revealing how cell shape, size, and fate change over time. They show how Notch and Wnt signaling, along with mechanical forces, influence development, including organ formation.

Propane oxidative dehydrogenation offers a promising path for propylene production, but selective propylene formation with minimal COx remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce dual-atom catalysts achieving just 5.2% COx selectivity at 46.1% propane conversion (520 °C) with stable performance for over 1000 hours.

Investigating mesoscopic systems can offer insights into the crossover between few-body and many-body regimes. Atomic arrays inside an optical cavity are now shown to enable the controlled study of critical properties on mesoscopic scales.

The formation of directional fibrous tissue bands, typical of liver fibrosis progression, might be induced by the tension of the hepatic stellate cells, as studied with an in vitro microfabricated model.

Spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains are fabricated through on-surface synthesis and reduction. As the chain length increases, the spin excitation gaps decrease, suggesting a gapless state in the thermodynamic limit. Spinon dispersion observed in the spin chains highlights the potential of this approach for realizing custom quantum spin systems.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

A composite CaF₂:Tb³⁺/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with contact-separation-induced self-recoverable mechanoluminescence is demonstrated, and a contact-separation cycle model is established to understand its mechanoluminescence.

Spatial planning and policy could guide China’s livestock sector towards reducing human exposure to ammonia—provided that 5–10 billion animals are relocated across the region.

Cells survive starvation by activating protective pathways. Here, the authors describe that kinase EFK-1/eEF2K defends against oxidative damage in long term starvation in C. elegans independently from its kinase activity and translation regulation.

Topologically protected edge states can be observed when combining two Si-based phononic crystals of opposite phases, as well as on-chip elastic wave splitting via partition of edges states at the intersection of topological channels.

Nuclear SREBP2 forms nuclear condensates through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region, which is essential for the transcriptional activation of lipogenic genes.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders is complex and requires evaluation by a qualified physician. Here, Yan et al. develop a hydrogel electronic sensor to detect TMJ movement, able to accurately detect and classify disc displacement with reduction, a common TMJ disorder.

A facile light-triggered doping strategy involving a series of inactive photoactivable dopants is described that facilitates tunable regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, resulting in stable patterning of the doping profile at record high resolutions.

The genetic risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma is complex and the genes related are unclear. Here, the authors propose a deep reinforcement based model to identify risk genes.

The CAPItello-291 phase 3 study reported that capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) and fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) improved progression free survival in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Here, the authors report the results of an extended Chinese cohort recruited as part of the original global CAPItello-291 study.

Influenza A HA plasticity often leads to resistant strains that compromise mAb potency as bivalent IgGs. Here, the authors show that engineered IgM molecules overcome this resistance by expanded avidity but still provide potent neutralization and in vivo protection while retaining parental IgG specificity.

Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV induce ALS-like phenotypes in rats and highlight CIV deficiency as a potential risk factor and therapeutic target for ALS.

Horseshoe bats are thought to be natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2 but it is unclear whether other bat species are potential hosts. Virus–host receptor binding and infection assays, including receptors of 46 bat species, show dramatic variation in susceptibility to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection among bat species.

Lfy1 is a maize mutant identified 50 years ago with increased leaf number above the primary ear and later flowering time. Here, the authors reveal that a Copia LTR-retrotransposon insertion leads to enhanced expression of an AAA ATPase encoding gene to give the mutant phenotype.

Usual multiqubit entangled states can be described using the graph formalism, where each edge connects only two qubits. Here, instead, the authors use a reprogrammable silicon photonics chip to showcase preparation, verification and processing of arbitrary four-qubit hypergraph states, where hyperedges describe entanglement within a subset of many qubits.

Organic batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage but face challenges in performance and cost. Here, authors develop pressurized organic electrodes with high capacity and durability under practical and extreme conditions, advancing organic batteries toward real-world applications.

Lithium cobalt oxide is widely studied for electrocatalytic applications. Here, the authors develop a technique for delithiating the material in organic electrolyte, and demonstrate that the oxygen evolution catalytic activity is significantly improved after the treatment.

Baseline performance, benchmarks, and guidance for LLMs in biomedicine are limited. The authors assess four LLMs on 12 tasks, establish baselines, examine hallucinations, and provide recommendations for optimal LLM use.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

A paddle-like self-stirring nanoreactor system with spatially isolated multifunctional components is successfully constructed. The rotation–revolution pattern enhances the internal and reverse dual-dynamic diffusion processes, thus effectively boosting the cascade efficiency.

Branched alkenyl sulfides are useful moieties in synthesis and materials. Here, the authors disclose a hydromethylthiolation of alkynes via cobalt hydride catalysis, resulting in Markovnikov regioselectivity, proceeding via electrophilic thiolation.

SFTS is an emerging tick-borne disease with high mortality rates caused by the SFTS virus. Here, the authors identify LRP1 as an entry factor for SFTSV, show that SFTSV glycoprotein Gn interacts with LRP1 and that blocking LRP1 reduces viral infection and improves survival in lethal mouse models.

The exact role of the degenerate nucleotide-binding site in a heterodimeric ABC transporter is unclear. Here, authors identify a mycobacterial isoniazid efflux pump, capture its asymmetric intermediate states and reveal mechanism of this transporter mediated by the degenerate site.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Candida albicans Cdr1 pumps azole antifungal drugs out of the cell, driving drug resistance. Here, the authors determine the mechanism of Cdr1-mediated fluconazole resistance and milbemycin oxime inhibition, providing a foundation for future drug discovery efforts.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

The use of Raman spectroscopy in biochemical applications has been hindered by several limitations. Here, the authors present a fiber-array Raman engine, termed FIRE. This tool features a dynamic single-channel photon-counting detector and is used for full Raman spectral imaging in biological samples and whole organisms.

This study reveals that RNA silencing component Argonaute 2 (AGO2) loads small RNAs at endoplasmic reticulum–chloroplast membrane contact sites with the help of RNA helicase 3 (RH3), which also enhances the loading of viral-derived small RNAs. These findings highlight the connections between RNA silencing, viral replication, and plant antiviral resistance.