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Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are vital for genome integrity and fertility. Here the authors reveal that spatial clustering of piRNA genes in Caenorhabditis elegans promotes transcription through phase separation and deSUMOylation, uncovering a SUMOylation-regulated mechanism for piRNA production in heterochromatic genomes.

Earth-abundant TiO₂ is a promising negative electrode material for low-cost sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors show that ordered rocksalt NaTiO₂ nanograins are in situ formed by electrochemically cycling with Na⁺ ions in anatase TiO₂, which determines the pseudocapacitive high-rate capability.

Jing et al., perform local injections of lipid nanoparticles carrying synthetic IL-2 and circRNAs encoding IL-2R–TLR4 chimeric receptors and anti-CA9 CARs to target renal tumor macrophages, thereby promoting their antitumorigenic potential in situ.

In the OptiTROP-Breast01 phase 3 trial, patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who received the TROP2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan experienced longer progression-free survival than patients treated with chemotherapy.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Chang’E-5 and Chang’E-6 lunar soils show higher δ30Si than lunar basalts, with CE-6 having the highest value, suggesting space weathering produced by micrometeorite impacts alters Si isotopes of lunar soils, with stronger effects on the farside.

The parasitic absorption caused by nonradiative damping of plasmonic effects limits the light utilization efficiency of optoelectronics. Here, authors employ green fluorophore and nickel oxide to recycle plasmon energy, achieving maximum device efficiency of 19.51% for flexible organic solar cells.

High salinities are thought to inhibit nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in coastal waters. In contrast, Tang et al. show that nitrogen fixation in a coastal cyanobacterium requires sodium ions and is apparently driven by sodium energetics and mixed-acid fermentation.

Field emission electron sources offer high brightness and small energy spread, but their use is limited by ultra-high vacuum requirements. Here, a focused ion beam-fabricated LaB₆ nanoneedle is presented that achieves ultrahigh brightness and stable low-vacuum emission via self-heating

Rice expansion due to crop migration causes over 122% irrigation increases in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020, while climate change reduces irrigation demands by decreased evapotranspiration and increased precipitation, based on a water requirement model using rice maps and groundwater data.

Yan and Tang developed a CRISPR-based RNA-editing approach called DECOR by fusing a Cas13 variant to an evolved E. coli tRNA adenosine deaminase, TadA8e, enabling adenosine-to-inosine editing to specified sites in the human transcriptome.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.

The authors show that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lung are key to fighting infection and persist after viral clearance, contributing to long-term immunity and protection.

MEMS gravimeters are compact and cost-effective but face challenges in achieving ultra-high sensitivity due to fabrication tolerances and size limitations. Here, authors introduce a μGal MOEMS gravimeter with locally adjustable free-form anti-springs, achieving picometer-level displacement sensitivity.

The stability and delivery of biopesticides limits application. Here, azadirachtin is co-assembled with plant secondary metabolites for efficient drug delivery, demonstrating pest management, the activation of plant defensive capacity, while increasing the production yield of crops.

Fused N-heterocycles are structural motifs observed in natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, the authors developed divergent copper- and gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of diynes to two types of tricyclic N-heterocycles and rationalized the product selectivity by theoretical calculations.

Mechanically interlocked cages are a distinctive class of molecular architectures. This Review highlights their design strategies, structural features and potential applications, while also addressing current challenges and providing insights into future directions for mechanically interlocked cages.

Here the authors demonstrate topologically reconfigurable room-temperature polariton condensates by systematically engineering the BICs in organic semiconductor metasurfaces achieving dynamic engineering of polariton lasing

Study of coacervates can give insights into biomolecular condensates, but peptide-based systems generally form microdroplets which evolve into rigid nanostructures. Here, the authors report programmable coacervates from binary mixtures of diphenylalanine-based short peptides.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

Transformations of alcohols, which are ubiquitous in chemistry and are native functionalities in many natural products and bioactive molecules, are cornerstones of organic synthesis. Here the authors describe photocatalyzed cross-couplings of activated alcohols with α-amino acids, providing a direct approach for a variety of unnatural amino acids.

Limited high quality multi-omics resources are available for plants with complex genomes. Here, authors generate transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylproteome data sets across wheat developmental stages and reveal de-acetylation of TaP5CS1 by TaHDA9 regulates Fusarium crown rot resistance.

KN046 is a bispecific antibody targeting PD-L1 and CTLA4. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of KN046 combined with lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adenoids and tonsils in children can become hypertrophic because of multiple infections. Here the authors use single cell transcriptomics to assess the immune cell composition of these hypertrophic organs and find B, T and NK cells and exhausted memory CD4 T cells indicating immune changes in these organs associated with respiratory infection.

Design strategies for non-fullerene acceptors are important for achieving high-efficiency organic solar cells. Here the authors design asymmetrically branched alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor to achieve high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield, yielding over 20% efficiency in single-junction organic solar cells.

Photocatalysis at 40–60 °C is shown to be able to defluorinate perfluoroalkyl substances, known as ‘forever chemicals’, allowing the recycling of fluorine in polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl substances as inorganic fluoride salt.

Tang, Zhang, Fang, Zhu et al. identify impaired mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis as a key mechanism underlying NOTCH1-associated aortic pathology and show that correcting mitochondrial loss in mutant mice using repurposed drugs teriflunomide or leflunomide slows the progression of aoropathy.