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A thin-film engineering method is employed to preserve high pressure solids in diamond capsules at ambient conditions, enabling tunable preserved pressures, controllable particle size, atomic-scale characterization, and potential large-scale uses.

The epidemic of fat-related metabolic disorders necessitates innovative therapies. Here, the authors show adipose-resident c-kit⁺ cells are crucial brown adipocyte progenitors and provide a promising way to manipulate adult brown adipose tissue for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.

Structural vacancies in crystalline solids have potential in tuning optoelectronic properties. However, the random distribution of vacancies a problem when creating materials with completely reproducible functions. Here authors use vacancy engineering to improve electronic communication between cluster units in 3D orientationally ordered MOF crystals.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

MiRNAs and natural antisense transcripts can both regulate gene expression and plant development. Here, the authors show that cis-NATs to MIR398 repress processing of pri-miR398 and that cis-NAT expression is downregulated at high temperatures, contributing to miR398 mediated thermotolerance responses.

Brown et al. show that mouse islet progenitors with different transcriptomes produce distinct β-cell subtypes and maternal diet alter the subtype proportions. Similar β-cell subsets exist in humans, with a subset enriched in genes related to β cell function reduced in diabetes.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Here, the authors determine that human neutrophil α-defensin HNP1 can promote A. baumannii biofilm formation.

Fluorinated amides are prevalent structural motifs in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules, but their enantioselective synthesis is challenging. Here, the authors synthesize fluorinated amide compounds with distal chirality (γ to F) using ene-reductases and blue light irradiation.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

White-light emission from materials and devices usually occurs omni-directional through space. Here, the authors show that sintering carbon dots with TiO₂ forms a microlens-shape surface that enables directional emission with 1/60 solid angle.

The effects of non-reacting components on polyatomic reactions are still largely unclear. Here, the authors show through a combined experimental and theoretical study of the D + CH₄ reaction that the CH₃ umbrella bending mode serves as a reporter mode, revealing how the D atom dynamically approaches CH₄.

Here, the authors report a transfer printing method of wafer-scale dielectric layers and metallic electrodes pre-deposited on mica substrates without the need of sacrifice buffer layers, enabling the fabrication of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and encapsulated devices based on air-sensitive black phosphorus with one-month stability.

This study reveals that the varying responses of plant biomass to phosphorus addition across plant functional groups align with the leaf economics spectrum, with plants characterized by more acquisitive traits exhibiting stronger responses to phosphorus addition.

Castleman disease encompasses a group of disorders characterised by abnormal lymph node morphology. Here the authors use single cell and spatial transcriptomics to assess the stromal, immune and interaction architecture of different subtypes of Castleman disease, indicating potential ligand-receptor interactions between immune cells.

The RNA binding protein hnRNPL is recruited to chromatin by the PIK3CB promoter-transcribed non-coding RNA and forms phase-separated condensates, which activates PIK3CB transcription and glycolysis, thus promoting ovarian cancer progression.

To adapt fluctuating renewable energy for water splitting is challenging. Here, the authors provide a “bubble seeding” strategy by introducing electrolyte with nanobubbles to promote the generation of macrobubbles, achieving more stable operation using intermittent energy supply for water splitting.

The heart relies on fatty acid oxidation as its main energy source. Here they show that impaired fatty acid metabolism disrupts mitophagy in the heart and that enhancing mitophagy via USP30 inhibition can restore heart function in models of fatty acid oxidation deficiency.

A Leptotrichia buccalis Cas13a diagnostic platform can be used to cleave and detect small concentrations of viral and human DNA.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Here, the authors show that Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation enhances oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 effect through restoring gut barrier integrity and microbiota homeostasis in mice.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

The efficacy of anticancer gene therapy varies by the delivery efficiency of the mRNA cargo as well as their injection method. Here this group reports using LNP-delivered mRNA encoding 3 C protease treated on three different types of solid tumor models showing effective tumor growth inhibition, with three different injection methods, respectively.

Schizophrenia exhibits significant variability in brain structures, traditionally viewed as static due to heterogeneous subgroups. Here the authors use magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,792 individuals with schizophrenia to reveal that gray matter volume variability is greater in early stages and decreases over time, highlighting dynamic brain alterations with implications for understanding disease progression.

Zhang and colleagues characterize a subset of nerve-associated CX3CR1⁺ liver portal area macrophages that maintain immune homeostasis and attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Sequence-based algorithms to identify T cell antigens often miss targets that are activating the immune response. Here authors show that a computational method they developed, which uses atomic level features as input, can identify antigens that trigger cytokine release in cognate T cells.

BPAN is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by WDR45 mutations. Here, the authors discover that WDR45 can competitively displace G3BP1 from Caprin-1 to promote stress granule disassembly, a function that is disrupted by BPAN-associated WDR45 mutations.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing is promising for epitranscriptome study but remains limited in single-molecule resolution. Here, the authors develop SingleMod, a tool for accurate single-molecule m6A detection from DRS and reveal cross-species epitranscriptome landscapes at single-molecule level.

Interpreting bone metastases (BMs) from computed tomography (CT) images remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an AI-based Bone Lesion Detection System - BLDS - and validate it in a cohort of 2,518 patients across five hospitals, showing highly sensitive and accurate performance for BM detection from CT scans.

The role of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (MIRI) largely remains unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Myocardial Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling (MAVS) protein promotes MIRI suggesting MAVS protein as potential therapeutic target.

Here the authors identify a role of GPAT4 in endocardial and myocardial development through maintaining ER homeostasis. GPAT4 deficiency triggers ER stress, ER-mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of the cGAS-STING-type I IFN response, leading to severe heart malformation.

Here, by realising nonlinear optical spectroscopy at the atomic length scale, the authors capture complex energy-dependent dynamics of hot carriers in a single molecule. The hot carrier and the nonlinear-wave mixing signals are enhanced at the regions of high local density of states in the molecule.

IsoNet, an isotopologue similarity networking strategy based on mass spectrometry-resolved stable-isotope tracing metabolomics, enables ab initio elucidation of unknown metabolites and their reactions, which is applied to the glutathione metabolic reaction network.

Commercial solutions to assess air quality and safety in underground mines often suffer from low accuracy, high installation and maintenance costs, without providing data on noxious gases. Here, the authors present a wireless, battery-free sensing platform for environmental monitoring of underground mines.

Lai et al. present a spatially resolved atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques, revealing cellular heterogeneity and identifying lymphoid structures and their potential functions and implications.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes are used to treat bone defects, but face challenges in regulating the immune microenvironment. Here, Yang et al. report a Janus collagen-based barrier membrane that modulates the osteoimmune microenvironment to effectively promote bone regeneration.

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion efficiency is limited by the energy matching of the sensitizer and acceptor parts. Here, the authors implement a dual annihilator system in chiral liquid crystals to achieve efficient circularly polarized emission.

SERPINB9 (SPB9) has been reported as a critical factor in the resistance to immunotherapy but its role in chemosensitivity remains unknown. Here this work reports that gemcitabine (GEM) treatment leads to upregulation of SPB9 in vitro/vivo, therefore engineer a nanocarrier co-delivering GEM and siSPB9 for preclinical pancreatic cancer treatment.

Arousal-modulating neural circuitry remains enigmatic. Here, authors show that the pathway, glutamatergic ventral pallidal neuron→locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron→the lateral hypothalamus, controls arousal in awake and anesthetized states.