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Excluding urban conversions, around 25% of loss of the paddy fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam was directly caused by salinity intrusion and drought stress, according to an analysis using remote sensing and annual land use trajectories.

Reconstitution of seven human RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribing complexes (TC4/5/6/8/10/12/13) halted on U6 promoters with nascent RNAs of 4–13 nucleotides offers molecular insights into Pol III dynamics.

Fractionated magma in volcanic arcs assimilate upper plate hydrothermal altered oceanic crust wall rock with low oxygen isotopic signature, which contribute to the isotopic signature of erupted magma, according to geochemical and oxygen isotope data of olivine in basalt formed at the Mariana convergent margin.

A nanobody was identified that targets the N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRG2, allosterically enhances activation by the natural agonist dehydroepiandrosterone and restores signaling in mutant receptors.

Endochondral ossification is hard to recapitulate with human cells. Here, the authors generated SOX9+ sclerotomal progenitors from hPSCs, modeling key developmental stages of bone development and growth plate-like structures.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.

Single-layer NbSe₂ has a charge density wave with two degenerate domains, related by mirror reflection. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, the authors observe the time-dependent movement of ___domain walls, and demonstrate reversible switching between the two ___domain types using a voltage pulse from the microscope tip.

The direct cleavage of C(CO)−C single bonds is usually restricted to strained ketone substrates or to chelating assistance. Here, the authors show a rhodium(II)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 1,3-diones, diazoesters, and DMF, leading to an unusual formal insertion of O–C(sp³)–C(sp²) into unstrained C(CO)–C bonds.

The relationship between Mott state and charge density wave state in two dimensional materials remains unclear. Here, Liu et al. reveal spatial distribution of a Mott-Hubbard band in monolayer 1T-NbSe₂ forming a new periodic pattern in addition to the well-known CDW pattern.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

Surfactant-capped nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes and compositions have been completely enshrouded within a metal–organic framework in a controlled, well-dispersed manner. The resulting hybrid materials exhibit active properties — catalytic, magnetic and optical — arising from the nanoparticles as well as sieving and orientation effects originating from the porous framework.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Asian soybean rust (ASR) is a devastating disease of soybean. Here, the author report the identification of an atypical pair of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) encoding genes and how they function together to confer broad-spectrum resistance to ASR.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model to characterize the mechanisms of tumor-induced host organ dysfunction. Here, Xu, Liu et al. describe a mechanism of tumor-induced kidney dysfunction through hyper-activation of the PvR/JNK/Jra pathway in the Principal cells of the fly kidney/Malpighian tubules.

For metallic glasses composed of three or more elements, optimizing their composition to satisfy a combination of properties is a formidable task. Now, a high-throughput strategy that can simultaneously fabricate thousands of alloy compositions and characterize them for thermoplastic formability through parallel blow forming makes possible the identification of the alloy composition with the highest thermoplastic formability.

This study demonstrates that future whole-soil warming has a much stronger effect on soil carbon emission in the alpine grassland ecosystem than what is estimated by previous warming experiments which only warm surface soils mostly.

ZrCo, a promising hydrogen isotope storage material, has poor cyclic storage capacity. Here author reveal a defect-derived disproportionation mechanism and report a nano-single-crystal strategy to comprehensively improve performances.

Mammalian TIP60 is a multi-functional enzyme with histone acetylation and histone dimer exchange activities. Here, the authors determined the cryo-EM structures of human TIP60 complex and an architecture of the nucleosome-bound human TIP60.

A three-photon miniature microscope with optimized light-collection efficiency facilitates imaging of neuronal activity throughout the cortex, as well as in the hippocampus, in freely moving mice.

A high-density genomic variation map from 744 genomes encompassing maize and all wild taxa of the genus Zea reveals evidence of adaptive variation and provides a genus-wide resource of genetic diversity in Zea.

A magnetic spin Hall effect is reported in the collinear antiferromagnet Mn₂Au.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the main cause of hypothyroidism. Here the authors develop a deep learning model for diagnosis of HT on a large multi-site dataset including image and video data.

5′-end capping of pre-mRNA is tightly coupled with the pausing stage of transcription. Here, the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of the paused elongation complex in complex with RNGTT and with both RNGTT and CMTR1.

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts with fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism is important for CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors report a strategy of promoting water dissociation to achieve high solar to chemical conversion and identify key surface species for the reaction.

De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 maize FILs provide insights into genomic and phenotypic differentiation of various heterotic groups and the molecular basis of heterosis in maize.

The sympathetic nervous system can contribute to the development of hypertension, but the neurogenic mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Here the authors report that afferent nerves in the perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) contribute to the maintenance of high blood pressure, and PRAT ablation, denervation or upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide reduce blood pressure in hypertensive rats.

Recently, signatures of quantum spin liquid have been reported in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Here the authors report evidence of such state in 1T-NbSe₂ via the measurements of the Kondo effect in a 1T-1H heterostructure, further supported by measurements for magnetic molecules on 1T-NbSe₂.

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) has been implicated in cardiovascular and neuroinflammatory diseases. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of HCAR2-Gi1 complexes bound to different ligands and provide insights into the mechanisms of both orthosteric and allosteric modulation of HCAR2.

HIMU-type seamounts may be subducted elsewhere beneath the Mariana arc, but obvious HIMU-type components appear only in the initial stages of arc rifting due to the low melting degree and being consumed during the process of back-arc spreading.

Jiayang Li, Xudong Zhu, Qian Qian and colleagues report cloning of the Grain Length on Chromosome 7 (GL7) locus in rice and identify a copy number variant that increases grain length and improves grain quality. They demonstrate how interactions with other grain length–related genes may be used to improve breeding.

The two-component regulatory system VraRS regulates transcription of penicillin-binding protein 2 in response to cell wall antimicrobials. Here, Lu et al. show that an enzyme from the wall teichoic acid biosynthetic pathway of MRSA can also modulate the expression of virulence factors such as Staphylococcal protein A via VraRS.

The spatial organisation of diffuse midline glioma-H3K27M mutant (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) remains to be investigated. Here, the authors integrate short-read and long-read spatial profiling of DMG and GBM to identify regulatory programs and cellular ecosystems in distinct glioma niches.

Solid-state electrolytes lie at the heart of the development of solid-state batteries that offer a promising storage technology. Yong-Sheng Hu and colleagues report a class of viscoelastic inorganic glass featuring merits of both inorganic crystalline electrolytes and organic polymer electrolytes and demonstrate pressure-less Li- and Na-based solid-state batteries.

Genome-wide analysis identifies variants associated with the volume of seven different subcortical brain regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Implicated genes are involved in neurodevelopmental and synaptic signaling pathways.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) regulates cell growth by controlling the activity of mTORC1. The structure of human TSC complex reveals an arch-shaped, asymmetric architecture and a 2:2:1 stoichiometry of TSC1, TSC2, and TBC1D7 subunits and suggests a mechanism by which TSC2 accelerates GTP hydrolysis against a small GTPase Rheb.

BAF and PBAF are SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling complexes that create nucleosome-depleted regions for transcription activation. Here the authors report the structure of a 13-subunit human PBAF in complex with acetylated nucleosome in ADP-BeF₃-bound state that provides structural insights into PBAF-mediated nucleosome association.

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription factories play a central role in gene expression and 3D chromatin organization. Here, the authors demonstrate that RUVBL2 directly regulates Pol II clustering at active gene promoters.

While immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment option, durable benefits are often rare due to immune escape. Here, the authors combine epigenetic regulation with gene therapy-mediated immune checkpoint blockade and show efficient anti-tumour effects and immune response in vivo.

Bulk metallic glasses made from alloys of iridium, nickel, tantalum and boron are developed by combinatorial methods, with higher strength at high temperature than those previously produced.