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The detection of aberrations in circulating tumour DNA represents a non-invasive method to survey the oncogenes and tumour suppressors that are modified within a patient’s cancer. Here, the authors analysed more than 10,000 patients using a targeted sequencing panel and report on the frequencies of the mutations that they found.

Anatomically modern humans dispersed through Europe during the Upper Palaeolithic. Here, the authors model this dispersal combining archaeological, paleoclimate, and palaeoecological data and investigating how these variables impacted human demographic processes.

External stimulus-induced cellular stress response plays a role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here the authors show that stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK leads to ACSL4 phosphorylation and Src myristoylation to promote tumorigenesis in ESCC.

This proteomic landscape study reveals proteins associated with the functional specificity of rice tissues, and further multi-omics analysis shows that N⁶-methyladenosine in untranslated regions is negatively correlated with protein abundance.

Histone acetylation is a predominant active chromatin mark. A feedback mechanism by which histone acetyltransferase responds to varying levels of acetyl coenzyme A in plants under adverse conditions maintains histone acetylation homeostasis.

Ferroportin is an iron exporter essential for releasing cellular iron into circulation and is inhibited by a peptide hormone, hepcidin. Here authors present cryo-EM structures of the ferroportin from the primate Philippine tarsier (TsFpn) with and without hepcidin and show that TsFpn is an electroneutral H⁺ /Fe²⁺ antiporter.

A tomato super-pangenome constructed using chromosome-scale genomes of nine wild species and two cultivated accessions highlights genomic diversity and structural variation across wild and cultivated tomatoes.

Healthy T cells are polyclonal, while malignant T cells are developing via clonal expansion. Here authors show that T cell tumours could be eradicated by chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting the T cell receptor (TCR) β-chain that is specific to malignant T cells, while healthy T cells using diverse TCR β-chains are spared.

Minimally invasive irreversible electroporation shows some therapeutic promise in irresectable pancreatic cancers that are notorious for poor survival. Here authors combine this with administration of a hydrogel microsphere vaccine that augments the antigen presentation T cell response cascade that naturally initiates following ablation.

This study presents an iodine sensor fabricated using AgI-functionalized graphene, which exhibits fast response and recovery times with an ultralow detection limit, surpassing safety standards and outperforming commercial counterparts

There is increasing evidence that treatment of hepatitis B with interferon alpha can be beneficial. Here, Wang et al, present a type 1 interferon receptor humanized mouse model and characterize it as a platform in which to study interferon function in vivo.

Su, Zhao, Jiang and colleagues identify IGFBP6 as an intrinsic downregulator of the inflammatory response lost in disturbed flow-induced atherosclerotic plaque development, suggesting that its restoration may represent a viable therapeutic strategy.

Here it is shown that ion flux through the TrkH–TrkA complex is upregulated by ATP and downregulated by ADP; solving the X-ray crystal structures of the tetrameric TrkA ring in the absence and presence of TrkH suggests a mechanism by which ATP-induced conformational changes in TrkA augment the activity of TrkH.

Gorman et al. designed a Lassa virus prefusion-stabilized soluble glycoprotein complex trimer (GPC), with which they identified a Lassa virus-neutralizing nanobody that bound the GPC apex and elicited neutralizing antibody responses in guinea pigs.

The synthesis of well-defined heterostructure interfaces can be leveraged to design advanced catalysts. Now a catalyst consisting of carbon-supported Janus particles with crystalline Ru and amorphous CrO_x sides is shown to achieve high performance for both alkaline hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions due to the synergy between both sides.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is highly expressed in several cancers. Here the authors investigate the role of CaMKK2 expression in the tumour microenvironment and show that CaMKK2 expression in tumour-associated macrophages promotes tumour growth by suppressing T cell anti-tumour activity.

TrkH is a bacterial ion channel that is regulated by nucleotides and its associated protein TrkA. Here the authors present ADP and ATP bound TrkH-TrkA structures, which reveal the mechanism for the transmission of nucleotide-induced conformational changes in TrkA to the opening of the TrkH channel and further support the proposed gating mechanism with functional studies.

Single-molecule electronics provide the potential solution for high-density integration and low-power consumption in massive data-driven applications, but have yet to be explored. Here, the authors report low-power logic-in-memory operations, based on single electric dipole flipping in the two-terminal single-metallofullerene device at room temperature.

Overcoming the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media is of critical importance for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here the authors report atomically dispersed chromium coordinated with hydroxyl clusters on ruthenium nanoparticles for accelerated hydrogen oxidation reaction.

The microbial metabolite sensor GPR43 has been previously shown to be a crucial modulator of immune responses. Here the authors show GPR43 is required for controlling disease pathology severity in the context of experimental models of GVHD.

Cryo-EM structures of a C. elegans cGMP-activated channel TAX-4 in lipid nanodiscs reveal a hydrophobic gate in the central cavity and, together with electrophysiology, provide mechanistic insights into the gating and regulation of CNG channels.

Driven by carbon neutral targets, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is becoming a hot technology due to its capability to convert fluctuating power into green hydrogen. Unfortunately, despite tremendous resources invested in fundamental research, only very few research outcomes have successfully translated into the development of industrial-scale electrolysers.

Here, the X-ray crystal structure of TrkH is solved, a protein that mediates potassium uptake in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a bacterium. The selectivity filter of the ion transporter is very similar to what is seen in (much simpler) potassium ion channels, but it is significantly shorter. Biochemical studies were performed to explore the molecular basis of K⁺ selectivity, and it is believed that a novel gating mechanism is involved.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

An instrument for whole-genome optical mapping is used to assemble the genome of the domestic goat into super-long scaffolds.

Inhibitors of the bile acid transporter ASBT may be useful therapeutics for treating hypercholesterolaemia and type 2 diabetes; here, two X-ray crystal structures of an ASBT homologue from Yersinia frederiksenii are solved.

Zhang and colleagues have developed a new targeted delivery system for RNA interference–based bone anabolic therapy. Using dioleoyl trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-based cationic liposomes attached to six repetitive sequences of aspartate, serine, serine (AspSerSer)₆, the system provided selective enrichment of the encapsulated osteogenic siRNA in osteogenic lineage cells at the bone formation surface and the subsequent depletion of the target gene, encoding the bone formation inhibitor casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (PLEKHO1, also known as CKIP-1), leading to the promotion of bone formation in healthy and osteoporotic rats.