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A quantum key distribution with a key rate of 115.8 Mb s^–1 is demonstrated over 10 km standard optical fibre. To this end, a high-speed and stable system, an integrated transmitter for low error modulation and multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are developed.

Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is a challenge. A strategy to close the cancer–immunity cycle has been reported by integrating lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations and dendritic cell therapy to promote tumour elimination and develop antitumour immunity.

Oncogene cooperation enhances PD-L1 translation to promote immune evasion and metastasis in a novel model of liver cancer.

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy often leads to undesired side effects such as colitis. In this study, Wu, Hu, Han et al. report a metabolic reconfiguration in colonic lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells regulated by PD-1 signaling that modulates inflammatory states in the gut.

FICTURE is a segmentation-free approach for identifying tissue architecture in spatial transcriptomics data. FICTURE is compatible with both imaging-based and sequencing-based methods and is uniquely suited for handling the largest available datasets.

Colonoscopy is the most commonly used tool to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, the authors develop a deep learning model to perform optical diagnosis of CRC by training on a large data set of white-light colonoscopy images and achieve endoscopist-level performance on three independent datasets.

Off-the-shelf CAR-NKT cells for cancer immunotherapy are advanced toward clinical translation.

During the progression of type 2 diabetes, insulin-producing β-cells can lose their identity and become reprogrammed into other cell types. Here the authors show that murine diabetic β-cells require the protein Raptor for maintaining β-cell health and preventing them from turning into α-cells, independent of Raptor’s involvement in regulating blood sugar levels.

A parallel in-memory wireless computing scheme that is based on memristive crossbar arrays can provide energy-efficient wireless data transmission using radio, acoustic and light waves.

Reconstruction of light-field microscopy data with a deep-learning network achieves high reconstruction speed and reduces artifacts, as illustrated for moving C. elegans and beating zebrafish hearts.

Observations of strong electron correlation effects have been mostly confined to compounds containing f orbital electrons. Now, the study of the 3d pyrochlore metal CuV₂S₄ reveals that similar effects can be induced by flat-band engineering.

In most optical computing schemes, the size of the chip increases quadratically with the problem size. Here, the authors demonstrate an architecture for optical convolutional neural networks which, while losing the independent reconfigurability of the kernels, allows for linear scaling of the circuit size.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is an important modification in RNA biology and mRNA vaccine. A method called PRAISE was developed via selective labeling of Ψ by bisulfite to induce nucleotide deletion signature during reverse transcription, thus realizing quantitative assessment of the Ψ landscape in the human transcriptome.

Two-dimensional materials are promising platforms for the realization of an excitonic insulator state. Here the authors report evidence for an excitonic insulator in a single-layer ZrTe2 based on ARPES measurements.

The tunability of electronic properties is a central goal of research into topological semimetals. Here, the authors report Weyl nodal ring states in the magnetic semimetal EuGa₄ and link the nodal ring state to the observed large non-saturating magnetoresistance.

Tocilizumab has been used to treat the excessive inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing results from two severe COIVD-19 patients to provide high-dimensional immune profiling data, and to implicate potential cellular and molecular insights for the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and predictive microbiome signatures have been proposed for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. Here the authors perform a meta-analysis of 16S rRNA-based profiles to identify microbial markers able to discriminate patients with adenoma from control and CRC, building a model that can be applied for the early detection of CRC.

Multi-omic analysis of 100 clear cell renal cell carcinomas identifies four transcriptomic subgroups (IM1–IM4). IM4 is a high-risk subtype characterized by specific metabolic changes and a loss of lipid droplets.

The stacked and brittle 2D layered structure of molybdenum disulphide limits its practical application in lithium ion batteries. Here, authors report a dewetting-induced manufacture strategy to create the interpenetrating network and induce the pseudocapacity to improve the electrochemical performance.

Cherenkov detectors are used to detect high energy particles and their performance capabilities depend heavily on the material used. Here, the authors propose use of a Brewster-optics-based angular filter for a detector with increased sensitivity and particle identification capability.

Low complexity (LC) domains can drive the formation of both amyloid fibrils and protein droplets. Here, the authors identify reversible amyloid cores from the LC of hnRNPA1, based on which they elucidate the structural basis of reversible fibrillation and its interplay with hnRNPA1 droplet formation.

The angle of Cherenkov radiation in one-dimensional photonic crystals can be controlled by making use of constructive interference. This feature allows new design of particle detectors with improved performance.

Deep learning can be used to virtually stain autofluorescence images of unlabelled tissue sections, generating images that are equivalent to the histologically stained versions.

Metal oxide nanocrystals can be grown with different facets exposed to give variations in reactivity, but the chemical state of these surfaces is not clear. Here, the authors make use of a phosphine probe molecule allowing the differences in surface chemistry to be mapped by NMR spectroscopy.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes offer exciting optoelectronic applications but generally suffer from low quantum yields. Here, Luo et al. demonstrate that coupling nanotubes to plasmonic antennas can lead to large Purcell enhancement and corresponding increase in quantum yield as well as plasmonic thermometry at the single molecule level.

Human ALS/FTD patient iPSC-derived neurons are used to uncover mechanisms by which C9ORF72 mutations cause neurodegeneration.

Continuous-time data representation and frequency multiplexing enable the implementation of a scalable massively parallel computing scheme in a nanoscale crossbar array for applications in intelligent edge devices.

Monolayers of Fe₃GeTe₂ exhibit itinerant ferromagnetism with an out-of-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy; ionic gating raises the ferromagnetic transition temperature of few-layer Fe₃GeTe₂ to room temperature.

High-angular-resolution observations of 1.3 mm continuum and H30α recombination line emission identify a binary star system in formation, with protostars apparently separated by 180 au. The velocity difference between the two protostars constrains the orbital period and total mass of the system.

Around 100 new cancer drugs, defined as new molecular entities, were approved in China between 2005 and 2021. More than half of these new cancer drugs do not constitute innovations in mechanism of action or therapy and do not have documented meaningful clinical benefit. Approaches are needed to promote meaningful innovation for patients with cancer.

An optical tensor processing unit (OTPU) is proposed, leveraging microwave-lightwave hybrid multiplexing to avoid optoelectronic bandwidth mismatch and employing wavelength-tuning-based weight adjustment to achieve a high computing density of 34.04 TOPS/mm².