Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in cancer development, progression and resistance to treatment; therefore, the signalling pathways that mediate the CSC phenotype are attractive therapeutic targets. In this Review, the authors provide an update on the progress in targeting the Notch, WNT, Hedgehog and Hippo signalling pathways. Additionally, they discuss the interactions of CSCs with the immune system, the roles of CSC-related signalling pathways in immune cells and novel approaches to CSC-directed immunotherapy.
- Joseph A. Clara
- Cecilia Monge
- Naoko Takebe