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The authors develop a freestanding high-entropy-oxide (HEO) nanomembrane with exceptional fracture resistance and multifunctionality. Formation of dual-phase nanostructure (HEO scaffold + decomposed hydrogel chains) enables hierarchical toughening.

Solid-phase extraction combined with charged aerosol detection is demonstrated to allow quantification of organosulphates in ambient aerosols without reliance on authentic standards.

Collisionless shock waves at relativistic velocities are ubiquitous in the universe and lead to the generation of energetic ions and radiation. Here, the authors demonstrate the generation of subrelativistic collisionless shock of astrophysical relevance in the laboratory, by means of table-top femtosecond laser pulses focused onto solid targets.

Benign airway stenosis (BAS) is characterised by acute and chronic inflammation of the trachea. Here the authors examine the function of cGAS-STING in BAS using mouse models and show involvement of macrophages and that inhibition of STING or macrophage depletion ameliorated BAS.

roX (RNA on the X) are crucial for male development in Drosophila. Here, the authors propose a role for roX RNAs in regulating gene expression at specific autosomal loci, working in coordination with Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs).

Thermoelectric catalytic therapy is an emerging therapeutic approach but faces the issue of limited temperature variations in living organisms. Here the authors address this issue by developing urchin-like Cu_2−xSe hollow nanospheres that display a cascade of plasmonic photothermal and thermoelectric conversion processes for plasmonic-thermoelectric catalytic cancer therapy.

Here, the authors utilise cefiderocol, a sideromycin, in complex with colloidal bismuth citrate, to demonstrate antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo.

High-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells rely on the anode loading of platinum-group metals. Here, the authors report a highly active hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst which contains atomically dispersed Ir on Mo2C nanoparticles supported on a carbon substrate.

A universal and non-destructive technique is developed to process diverse types of powder into micro- or nanofibres, providing flexibility for material design and applications based on functional particles.

Stimulated emission by free electrons is used to amplify terahertz surface plasmon polaritons in a manner resembles that of light amplification in a high-gain free-electron laser.

Bismuth-based drugs combined with antibiotics enhance efficacy against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disrupting bacterial iron homeostasis and electron transport.

The amphiphilic mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles co-loaded with colistin and niclosamide possess great potential in overcoming colistin resistance and can be applied to the treatment of colistin-resistant bacterial infections.

A multi-omics study of Angelica dahurica identifies CYP71AZ18/19 and CYP83F95 that catalyze bergaptol/xanthotoxol biosynthesis and are encoded by genes which underwent lineage-specific proximal duplication-neofunctionalization as well as exhibit high chromatin accessibility.

Tumor cell-microenvironment interactions generate heterogeneity and promote progression. Here, Ma et al. show that the E3 ligase SIAH2 degrades NRF1 in response to hypoxia to enhance pro-tumor metabolic and environmental effects, whereas NRF1 stabilization sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis.

Arisandilactone A is a natural product with a complex oxa-bridged tricyclic carbon core, making it a challenging target in total synthesis. Here the authors report an asymmetric total synthesis of its 19-dehydroxy derivative, with homo-Michael and tandem retro-Michael/Michael reactions as key steps.

Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells operating in alkaline electrolyte are more cost-effective than their proton exchange membrane counterparts, but their performance is still considerably lower. Now, a Ni–Mo–Nb metallic glass is put forward as a hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst with high activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte.

Hydrogen evolution and oxidation on platinum surfaces are central reactions in electrochemical devices. Sun et al. show that they can be promoted by introduction of the organic molecules, N-methylimidazoles, and explore the underlying phenomena at play through in situ spectroscopy and computation.

Mapping a moiré pattern in a lateral lattice-mismatched WSe₂–MoS₂ heterojunction enables determination of the full strain tensor and the study of strain-induced electronic properties.

By focusing a sub-relativistic infrared laser pulse onto a silica target, a periodic deflection pattern of attosecond electron pulse trains is observed. It reveals these subcycle charge dynamics with a streaking speed of ~60 μrad as⁻¹.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing immune cell activation, but how the Treg cell pool is maintained is still unclear. Here the authors show that a kinase, Lkb1, operates in dendritic cells (DC) to inhibit Treg cell expansion and immunosuppression via mechanisms involving NF-kB/OX40L signalling.

The development of porous, crystalline materials with high chemical stability is crucial for their practical uses. Now, polyarylether-based covalent organic frameworks (PAE-COFs) have been synthesized that show high crystallinity and porosity, as well as good stability against harsh chemical environments including boiling water and strong acids and bases.

Polo et al. show that early-passage induced pluripotent stem cells retain an epigenetic memory of their cell type of origin. These epigenetic differences affect the cells’ differentiation potential and might be exploited to generate particular cell types of interest.

Severe winter air pollution events, attributed to emissions from development, have increased in Beijing in recent decades. This study looks at how atmospheric conditions contribute and projects climate change will increase conditions favourable to such events.

The effects of lactic acid bacteria on alfalfa silage quality, microbial community and volatile organic compounds were revealed based on volatile metabolomics and metagenomics

Damaged mitochondria can be removed by mitophagy, but how this organelle is recognized by the autophagy machinery is unclear. Chen and colleagues show that FUNDC1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, interacts with light chain 3 (LC3) and is essential for hypoxia-induced mitophagy.

Wu and colleagues report that under hypoxic conditions the LATS2 kinase is targeted for degradation by the SIAH2 ubiquitin ligase, leading to inhibition of the Hippo kinase cascade and activation of YAP, which promotes tumour growth.

IDO downregulation in dMDSCs induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates expression of TGF-β and IL-10 through the Kyn/AhR/SP1 signal pathway, eventually contributing to the dysfunction of dNK cells.