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Helical modes are induced in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas without strong spin–orbit coupling. This platform provides a versatile playground for investigating compounded quantum Hall edge states.

The boundaries of fractional quantum Hall states can host multiple, interacting one-dimensional edge modes, which test our understanding of strongly interacting systems. Here the authors observe the edge-mode equilibration transition that was predicted for the ν=2/3 fractional quantum Hall state.

Our understanding of the phase diagram of twisted graphene structures is incomplete. Now, twisted trilayer graphene is examined using a technique that locally images quantum oscillations and shows that a nematic semimetal is favoured at low density.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

The global distribution of nearly all extant reptile species reveals richness patterns that differ spatially from that of other taxa. Conservation prioritization should specifically consider reptile distributions, particularly lizards and turtles.

Two challenging questions related to the quantum Hall effect (QHE) are how edge reconstruction works and where the current flows. A new model now gives the answer for two types of QHE states — two separate downstream chiral edge channels are involved.

Here, the authors introduce ML-GPS, a machine learning framework that prioritizes drug targets for 112 chronic diseases and integrates genetic associations with predicted phenotypes.

Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway in humans impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases

The effectiveness of protected areas under climate change is debated. Here, the authors analyse the potential effectiveness of protected areas for conserving over 70% of extant amphibian and reptile species under present and future climate scenarios.

Free-electron Ramsey imaging enables space-, time- and phase-resolved electron imaging of weak optical near fields. Owing to its phase-resolving ability, this technique images chiral vortex–anti-vortex phase singularities of phonon-polariton modes in hexagonal boron nitride.

A human genetics-informed drug prioritization tool, genetic priority score (GPS), combines genetic features and drug datasets. GPS-supported indications are more likely to progress through clinical trials, suggesting the utility of this score for target prioritization.

The lifetime of decaying quantum states has been thought to depend on the strength of the coupling causing the decay. Here the authors demonstrate that quantum mechanical interference can dominate this process, observing Fano-Feshbach resonance lifetimes covering several orders of magnitude.

The authors report the measurement of the Little-Parks effect in the unconventional superconductor candidate 4Hb-TaS₂. They find a π-shift in the transition-temperature oscillations and an ehancement of T_c as a function of the out-of-plane field when a constant in-plane field is applied, consistent with a multi-component order parameter.

Kabir et al. show that aged bone marrow induces smooth muscle cell (SMC) polyclonality in atherosclerosis. Decreased TET2 levels in aged myeloid cells lead to silenced integrin β₃, resulting in increased TNFα signaling and the expansion of multiple SMC progenitors.

B cells are engineered in vivo to secrete anti-HIV antibodies

A study quantifying the neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in individuals infected with Omicron/BA.1 shows that vaccinated individuals previously infected with Omicron have enhanced protection against reinfection with current variants, \including Omicron/BA.2, while Omicron/BA.1 infected unvaccinated individuals have limited protection.

Chronic antiretroviral therapy does not eradicate HIV infection. Here, the authors describe a potentially one-shot alternative by engineering B cells to express anti-HIV antibodies and undergo memory retention, isotype switching and clonal expansion

Circulating cell-free DNA from patients is analyzed by ChIP-seq to reconstruct gene expression in human organs and tumors.

Magic-angle graphene is found to have an exotic phase transition where, on heating, entropy is transferred from motional to magnetic degrees of freedom, analogously to the Pomeranchuk effect in ³He.

The detection of cardiomyocyte death is a critical aspect in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart diseases. Here the authors show that cardiomyocyte-specific methylation patterns of circulating cell-free DNA may serve as a biomarker of cardiac cell death in infarcted and septic patients.

The exosome is responsible for mRNA degradation, which is an important step in the regulation of gene expression. Here the authors report that homozygous missense mutations in the exosome subunit, EXOSC8, may cause neurodegenerative disease in infants through the dysregulation of myelin expression.

Analysis of a global data set of local biodiversity comparisons reveals an average 13.6% reduction in species richness and 10.7% reduction in abundance as a result of past human land use, and projections based on these data under a business-as-usual land-use scenario predict further substantial loss this century, unless strong mitigation efforts are undertaken to reverse the effects.

Machine learning has been used to represent small-scale processes, such as clouds, in atmospheric models but this can lead to instability in simulations of climate. Here, the authors demonstrate a use of machine learning in an atmospheric model that leads to stable simulations of climate at a range of grid spacings.

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive exocrine tumor with largely unknown biology. Here, the authors perform genome- and epigenome-wide analyses from normal and ACC pancreatic tissue that identify aberrations in genome stability and cell cycle control.

Most mammalian genes contain alternative polyadenylation sites. Here, the authors provide evidence that mRNA can be cleaved post-transcriptionally to generate mRNAs with shorter 3-´UTRs and stable autonomous uncapped 3´-UTR sequences.

The methylation status of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be informative about recent cell death events. Here the authors present an approach to determine the tissue origins of cfDNA, using a reference methylation atlas of 25 human tissues and cell types, and find that cfDNA from patients reveals tissue contributions that agree with clinical findings.

In the version of this Article originally published, grant no. 2015/20215-7 for C.N. was omitted from the Acknowledgements section. This has now been corrected in all versions of the Article.

This Perspective lays out the impetus and goals of the Cellular Senescence Network established to comprehensively identify and characterize senescent cells (SnCs) across tissues and lifespan, providing a publicly available SnC atlas.

This Perspective reviews tools developed over the past five years in the macromolecular modeling, docking and design software Rosetta.