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Phenols and anilines are of extreme importance for medicinal chemistry and material science but the selective preparation of meta-substituted phenols and anilines remains challenging. Here the authors report an efficient copper-catalyzed dehydrogenation strategy to exclusively synthesize meta-carbonyl phenols and anilines from carbonyl substituted cyclohexanes.

This study uses deep learning and gaze-tracking to track pathologists' work and learn how they review tissue images. This “learned expertise” was applied to guide artificial intelligence models, such as weakly supervised learning and reinforcement learning, to achieve accurate diagnosis of Whole Slide Images.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The authors integrate artificial intelligence with laboratory automation to create a widely applicable autonomous platform for efficient and scalable enzyme engineering.

Multimodal Large Language Models are energy intensive and computationally demanding. Here, the authors developed a series of lightweight Multimodal Large Language Models deployable on edge devices.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

The authors present a Mn incorporation strategy to enhance the stability of PdH_x metallenes by locking interstitial H atoms via strong electronic interactions in the immiscible alloy, resulting in an improved alkaline oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability at working temperature around 353 K.

Aqueous Zn||I₂ battery offer an economical and safe energy storage solution yet face detrimental parasitic reactions at both electrode interfaces. Here, authors develop zwitterion-mediated interface chemistry to stabilize dual electrodes, yielding practically viable Zn||I₂ batteries with durability.

Dense atomic-scale 2D/2D Schottky heterojunctions are achieved in the graphene-based superlattice nanocomposites by controlled deintercalation, largely facilitating spatial charge separation that optimizes their microwave-absorbing performance.

Metabolic processes lead to the production of bioactive gases, such as nitric oxide, which may play roles in the gut immune homeostasis. Here authors show that genomic deletion of Nos2 in mice aggravates colitis in experimental models via an Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor-mediated pathway in type 3 innate lymphoid cells.

An unconventional machine learning-based inverse design framework enables the generation of ultrabroadband and band-selective thermal meta-emitters with complex 3D architectures and diverse material compositions.

In this work, electron diffraction is used to measure the disorder parameter, Debye-Waller factors, and deformation electron density of FePd alloys. Chemical disorder raises atomic displacements but minimally alters deformation electron density.

A Fusarium graminearum effector is found to target wheat fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase for 26S proteasomal degradation. The hydrolase enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight by regulating defense genes and amino acid metabolism, offering a genetic target for wheat improvement.

Two types of amyloid-β protein (1–42) (Aβ₄₂) fibrils are known to form in the insoluble fraction of diseased human brains. Now, another type of Aβ₄₂ fibril (type III) has been identified in the soluble fraction of Alzheimer’s disease brain using cryo-electron microscopy. These studies also reveal differences in ligand–fibril interactions between fibril types.

Preliminary results from a phase 2a trial involving 71 patients suggest that a new agent, discovered and designed with artificial intelligence assistance, is safe and effective for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The use of metal carbenes to catalyse difluorocarbene transfer reactions has long been hindered by the lack of understanding of metal difluorocarbene chemistry. Here, the authors report a synthesis of gem-difluoropropargylated compounds via copper-catalyzed difluorocarbene transfer.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

A strategy that preserves stereochemistry in intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation is reported. An iterative synthetic approach to extend spiro-bridged molecular skeletons via C–H activation–annulation is developed, where the stereoretentive one-shot conversion to form multiple spirocarbon-bridged carbocycles resembles a ‘zipping up’ process.

Achieving the modular synthesis of various CF₂-containing building blocks from a single compound remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the authors present a Cu-catalyzed switchable defluoroborylation and hydrodefluorination of trifluoromethylated alkynes, affording four types of synthetically challenging CF₂-containing compounds.

A two-phase assembly approach is developed to synthesize single-unit-cell-thick perovskite chains within single-walled carbon nanotubes. A direct X-ray detector constructed with the confined perovskite chains exhibits outstanding performance and ultrahigh stability under harsh conditions.

The mechanisms involved in the formation of the premetastatic niche in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not completely elucidated. Here, the authors show that matrix stiffness in HCC induces cancer-exosome release which increases glucose availability in the lung premetastatic niche favouring metastasis formation and growing.

Developing robotic hands that can adapt to real-world dynamics remains a substantial challenge. The authors present an AI system that mimics human-like grasping using full-hand tactile sensing and a sensory–motor feedback mechanism.

By introducing an unconventional spin–orbit torque, the authors demonstrate an all-electrical way to bidirectionally switch the perpendicular chiral antiferromagnetic order in Mn₃Sn, promoting the application of antiferromagnetic spintronics.

GIANT, a genetically informed brain atlas, integrates genetic heritability with neuroanatomy. It shows strong neuroanatomical validity and surpasses traditional atlases in discovery power for brain imaging genomics.

Retarder arrays enable advanced photonic applications but are limited by controllable flexibility. Here, authors demonstrate a compound modulator that creates synthetic tuneable retarder arrays, offering unprecedented dynamic control of light, enabling new beam generation, analysis, and correction.

High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) has been identified to play a role in tumour progression but its involvement in anti-tumour immunity of esophagael squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here the authors report that the inhibition of STING-mediated anti-tumour immunity by HMGA1 results in promotion of ESCC tumorigenesis.

An analysis of 140 floras from China reveals that high species diversity exists in granite and mixed landforms, while low species diversity is found in karst, Danxia, and desert landforms. Based on these findings, the authors provide new clues for understanding the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, highlighting the role of bedrock and landform processes.

MGAT1 is a glycosyltransferase critical for the synthesis and maturation of complex N-glycans. Here, the authors show that MGAT1 modulation of CD73 glycosylation and function regulates tumor immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Rare disease DEDSSH1-associated DPH1 mutations impair eEF2 diphthamide modification that leads to eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to enhance expression of the cell proliferation inhibitor p21, resulting in birth defects.

Glioma is a complex disease, and prognosis can depend on clinical, genomic and radiological information. Here, the authors develop a multimodal fusion subtyping model to integrate data modalities for predicting glioma subtypes.

Realization of a gyromagnetic double-zero-index metamaterial results in unconventional optical and topological properties, suitable to be used for the generation of light pulses shaped as a vortex both in time and space.