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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Liu, Zhen, Xie, Luo, Zeng, Zhao et al. show that the major nucleoid protein TFAM interacts with cytoplasmic LC3B during oxidative or inflammatory stress to attenuate mitochondrial DNA-induced inflammation via the cGAS–STING pathway.

Natural vesicles typically consist of a lipid membrane enclosing substances. Now a coacervate vesicle formed by liquid–liquid phase separation of cholesterol-modified DNA and histones has been developed. Unlike traditional vesicles, these lack a membrane and feature a high-density liquid layer around a water-filled cavity, offering enhanced kinetic stability and potential as a biopharmaceutical delivery system.

Superconductivity through the topological surface states of a Dirac semimetal remains elusive. Here, the authors fabricate a Nb-Cd₃As₂-Nb Josephson junction and observe supercurrent oscillations from surface Fermi arcs of Cd₃As₂

The production of higher alcohols is very valuable because of their high volumetric energy density. Now, Sargent, Sinton and co-workers report the design of copper nanoparticles with tailored nanocavities that promote n-propanol formation by the coupling of C2 and C1 intermediates inside the cavity.

The authors find multiple topological transitions and a composite topological phase by two mutually exclusive topological orders, strong topological order and high-order topological order, in a quasi-1D system.

The authors show that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the lung are key to fighting infection and persist after viral clearance, contributing to long-term immunity and protection.

In a single-arm phase 2b trial, glecirasib, an oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 47.9% in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS^G12C-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

Extreme myopia (EM) is a leading cause of sight impairment caused by progressive retinal degeneration. Here, the authors perform whole-exome sequencing to investigate rare protein-truncating variants among EM cases and identify KDELR3 which contributes to the pathogenesis of EM.

The genome sequences of 175 Ebola virus from five districts in Sierra Leone, collected during September–November 2014, show that the rate of virus evolution seems to be similar to that observed during previous outbreaks and that the genetic diversity of the virus has increased substantially, with the emergence of several novel lineages.

Age-related macular degeneration is a prominent cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly. Here Huang et al.identify a novel missense variant in UBE3D that sheds new light on the pathogenesis of the disease.

Analysis of 43,191 genomes obtained from publicly available marine bacterial and archaeal metagenome data provides insights into marine bacterial evolution, CRISPR–Cas defence and antibiotic resistance genes, and demonstrates the potential of marine metagenomes for biotechnological applications.

Analyses of the genome sequences and expression data for two closely related mycoheterotrophic orchid species provide insights into the genomic basis underlying the evolution of mycoheterotrophy.

Ponds played an important role in ancient rice-growing regions such as China and India. Here, the authors find that reviving small water bodies to recycle drainage water for irrigation can reduce China’s rice production water footprint by 9% and alleviate 2-3% yield loss in dry years.

The bacterial adhesin, RadD, enhances the ability of Fusobacterium nucleatum to interact with colorectal cancer cells and promote tumour development in mice.

This study has revealed a widespread yet previously undiscovered link between oxygenic photosynthesis and methanogenesis and will advance our understanding of the ecological role of photosynthetic bacteria in the global CH₄ cycle.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.

The surface chemistry of aqueous solutions plays a ubiquitous role in many chemical and biological processes. Here, the authors probe the surfaces of sodium halide solutions with surface-specific femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy, and observe surface concentrations of halide ions several times greater than in the bulk.

Sun et al. identify the deubiquitinase USP15 as a regulator of PARP1 stability in triple-negative breast cancer and show that the hormone receptors ER, PR and HER2 inhibit USP15-mediated PARP1 stabilization, modulating base excision repair.

A large-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 adult tissues.

Here the authors show an AI-powered assessment system (AIHFLevel, www.hf-ai-survival.com) empowering healthcare professionals for continuous risk monitoring and prognosis assessment of patients who have advanced heart failure with renal dysfunction.

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks sufficient fetal safety information world-widely. Here, the authors report the establishment a multi-center birth cohort to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

Doping approach is a conventional method to increase ZT values of thermoelectric materials. Here, authors propose a facile strategy to enhance thermoelectric performance by mixing boron particles into GeTe-based thermoelectric materials, leading to a ZT value of 2.45 at 613 K.

Steroid 5α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2), a testosterone metabolism enzyme, is implicated in human disease. Structural and biochemical analyses of PbSRD5A, a bacterial homolog, reveal SRD5A2 substrate binding pocket and provide framework for the design of new drugs targeting this enzyme.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. By analyzing 532 genomes from 114 populations around the world, the authors find evidence supporting a South American origin of this moth, and look for signatures of positive selection.

Photosynthesis in biological systems occurs in a noisy environment that reduces the lifetime of coherences in the excitation energy transfer. Here the author demonstrate that long-lasting coherences are protected by quantum phase synchronization, realized in dimers by exciton-vibrational coupling where energy dissipation occurs predominantly in resonant anti-symmetric collective modes.

SARS- CoV-2 hijacks ACE2 for cell entry. Here, the authors report that dynamic SUMOylation modulates the TOLLIP-directed selective autophagic degradation of ACE2 and suggest SUMOylation inhibition as a potential intervention against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

While polytypic semiconductors are promising for solar-to-fuel applications, preparing homojunction nanomaterials has proven challenging. Here, authors obtain a library of polytypic copper-based quaternary sulfide nanocrystals by selective epitaxial growth of kesterite phase on wurtzite structure.

Aerobic oxidation is a biological sink of methane that can reduce oceanic emissions to the atmosphere. This study estimates that half of methane from total loss, amounting to 1.8 ± 2.7 Tg, is oxidized annually in global 0–50 m near-shore waters

Photoacoustic imaging offers higher spatial resolution than most optical imaging techniques, but contrast agents are needed because many diseases in their early stages do not display a natural photoacoustic contrast. Using single-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated with a peptide as a contrast agent allows the non-invasive photoacoustic imaging of tumours in animals.