Search

The retention of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the mesangium leads to pathogenesis in IgA nephropathy. Here the authors report that Gd-IgA1 is internalized by mesangial cells potentially via transferrin receptor 1, forming aggregates that disrupt lysosomal function and elicit inflammation.

Neural mechanisms underlying strengthening of escape behaviors are not fully understood. Here authors show that mPFC (medial prefrontal cortex)/VTg (ventral tegmental nucleus of gudden) to cholecystokinin expressing neurons in PMd (dorsal premammillary nucleus) neural pathway controls the threat memory-driven strengthening of escape. Furthermore, authors demonstrate a heterosynaptic role of eCB (endocannabinoid) signaling as the underlying molecular mechanism.

Nie et al. show that myocardial CCDC25 detects doxorubicin-induced neutrophil extracellular trap DNA and activates reactive oxygen species production and autophagy, leading to cardiotoxicity. Targeting CCDC25 exerts a cardioprotective effect without impacting the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in lymphoma and breast cancer models.

The mechanisms involved in the formation of the premetastatic niche in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not completely elucidated. Here, the authors show that matrix stiffness in HCC induces cancer-exosome release which increases glucose availability in the lung premetastatic niche favouring metastasis formation and growing.

Huanming Yang, Zhiming Cai, Jun Wang and colleagues report whole-exome sequencing of 10 clear cell renal cell carcinomas followed by a screen of ~1,100 genes in a total of 98 tumors. They found 12 new disease-associated genes and detected frequent alterations in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway.

Structures of complexes containing GajA and GajB proteins of the prokaryotic Gabija anti-phage defence system reveal the mechanism of its activation after DNA cleavage upon ATP depletion.

Tetrasubstituted alkenes have found use due to their potential photophysical properties. Here the authors present a method to form tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides via a rhodium carbenoid rearrangement.

Most applications of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been limited in small animal models. Here, the authors show the versatility of AIEgens-based imaging-guided surgical operation from small animals to rhesus macaque, in support of the clinical translation of AIEgens.

The de novo design and synthesis of the Sc 2.0 chromosome XIII enable in-depth investigations into biology. Here the authors construct the 884 Kb synXIII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate replicative aging.

We observe the superconducting diode effect and interference patterns in CsV₃Sb₅, implying a time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconducting order in kagome superconductors.

The use of time-bin entangled qudits is hindered by the phase instability, timing inaccuracy and low scalability of current interferometric schemes. Here, the authors show a fiber-pigtailed photonic chip for generating and processing picosecond-spaced time-bin entangled qudits and utilize the system to implement a quantum key distribution protocol.

Poor availability and access to clean water is a fundamental sustainability challenge facing our society. Here the authors show that covalent organic framework membranes enable excellent performance in seawater desalination including high permeation flux and fouling resistance, providing a promising technological solution.

Zhiming Cai and colleagues report the exome sequencing of tumor and matched normal tissue from nine transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the bladder, with further screening in 88 additional subjects. The authors identify mutations in chromatin remodeling genes in 59% of the 97 TCC subjects.

Here the authors characterize a monoclonal antibody from a COVID-19 convalescent patient that interferes with SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2 and has prophylactic and therapeutic activity in non-human primates. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is prevented by mutating the Fc region of the antibody.

Genomic, transcriptomic and DNA methylation data from tissue samples from 208 Chinese patients with prostate cancer define the landscape of alterations in this population, and comparison with data from Western cohorts suggests that the disease may stratify into different molecular subtypes.

The authors have developed a new method, metagenome-wide association study (MGWAS), to compare the combined genetic content of the faecal microbiota of healthy people versus patients with type 2 diabetes; they identify multiple microbial species and metabolic pathways that are associated with either cohort and show that some of these may be used as biomarkers.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the main cause of hypothyroidism. Here the authors develop a deep learning model for diagnosis of HT on a large multi-site dataset including image and video data.

The researchers showcase a photon-driven DC motor system, that utilizes optical energy to drive mechanical motion, avoids EMI derived from electrical switching action and immunizes against EMI in conventional electricity-driven DC motor systems

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the scaffolding protein that organizes PML nuclear bodies. Here the authors determine the crystal structure of a PML B1-box multimer and characterise the oligomerisation behaviour of the PML RBCC construct and show that disrupting B1-B1 interactions precludes promyelocytic leukemia leukemogenesis in transgenic mice.

Molecular catalysts provide an ideal model system to investigate the relationship between active site structure and catalytic performance. Here, the authors explore how electrochemical CO reduction to methanol can be controlled through modification of the active cobalt site in cobalt phthalocyanine.

The hypothalamus is essential for energy regulation, with POMC neurons crucial for controlling food intake and energy balance. Here, the authors show that AZGP1 improves leptin sensitivity in POMC neurons, aiding in weight loss and energy use by altering leptin-JAK2-STAT3 signalling.

Zhiming Cai and colleagues report whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of 99 paired tumor-normal samples of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. They find that 32% of tumors harbor alterations in genes involved in sister chromatid cohesion, including STAG2, ESPL1, NIPBL, SMC1A and SMC3.

Pathogenic IgA1 metalloproteases block the initial host immune response by cleaving host IgA1. Using cryoEM, the authors here provide structural insights into the substrate recognition mechanism of Streptococcus pneumoniae IgA1 protease, and develop a protease-inhibiting antibody.

Two monoclonal antibodies isolated from a patient with COVID-19 are shown to interfere with SARS-CoV-2–receptor binding, and one displays potent action against this virus in vitro and in a rhesus macaque model.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S protein can provide a treatment strategy for COVID-19. Here, Guo et al. provide the crystal structure of a SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibody isolated from a convalescent patient and highlight the therapeutic efficacy in a rhesus monkey model of an engineered version with optimized pharmacokinetic and safety profile.

Chiral interaction of molecular ensembles with confined light fields is elusive. Here, the authors report collective chiroptical effects through coupling of exciton and charge-transfer mixed molecular assemblies with plasmonic nanoparticles.

Examining the interplay of environmental exposure with the airway microbiome provides insights for possible intervention in lung health.

Designing soft magnets with yield strengths exceeding one gigapascal while remaining ductile to prevent irreversible deformation for safe and efficient operation is challenging. The authors address this challenge by employing a nanostructuring strategy with morphologically anisotropic precipitates.

Since 1987, immortalized cells from the ovary of a Chinese hamster have been the workhorse for producing recombinant therapeutics, including monoclonal antibodies, blood factors, hormones, growth factors and enzymes. Xu et al. provide the genome sequence of the ancestral CHO-K1 cell line, which should aid in the optimization of current production cell lines.

Chiroptic sensing of single molecule is extremely challenging. Here the authors unveil an extreme nanophotonic system based on nanoparticle-on-mirror shows exceptional high sensitivity of chiral supramolecules, which can resolve enantiomer access of a racemate monolayer, exhibiting great potential for single chiral molecule sensing.

The presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus has been known to differ by ancestry, but the underlying genetic factors remain unclear. Here, the authors report ancestry-specific susceptibility loci and better risk prediction when using data from matched ancestral groups.

Recently, the asymmetric bifunctionalization of alkenes has received much attention but the development of enantioselective alkoxyalkenylation has posed a considerable challenge and has lagged largely behind. Here, the authors report a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkoxyalkenylation reaction, using a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary γ-hydroxyalkenes with alkenyl halides.

Listeria monocytogenes isolates are highly heterogeneous and exhibit different levels of virulence. Here, the authors identify hypervirulent isolates that represent a hybrid sub-lineage of the major lineage II harbouring virulence factors from Listeria ivanovii and wall teichoic acids found in major lineage I.

GAS41 is recognized as a histone reader and oncogene, but the mechanism by which GAS41 contributes to tumorigenesis is not well understood. Here, the authors discover that GAS41 is a ferroptosis repressor that anchors NRF2 to chromatin, promoting tumor growth.

Using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, the flat bands in twisted bilayer WSe₂ are shown near both 0° and 60° twist angles.

Brain structure and function have been observed to be increasingly untethered in transmodal cortex. Here, the authors show that structure-function coupling in these areas can be enhanced by diffusion patterns governed by high-frequency eigenmodes.

Vacancy has only played a stereotyped role as a scattering center in thermoelectrics, and the boundaries of its versatility have not been tested. Here, authors reveal the multifunctionality of vacancy in tailoring the phononic and electronic transport in a defective half-Heusler ZrNiBi.

A route to greatly elevate joint densities of states by introducing a flat-band electronic structure is demonstrated, showing metallic λ-Ti₃O₅ powders have a high solar absorptivity and offering insights into access to cost-effective solar-to-steam generation.

Periodic perturbations and guided mode engineering into Brillouin zone folding-induced bound states in the continuum resulted in ultrahigh Q factors that are both robust and sustainable across a broad range of tunable momentum space.

Welwitschia mirabilis is a unique plant that only has two leaves, but it can survive in hostile conditions of the African desert. Here, the authors report its chromosome-level genome assembly and discuss how gene function and regulation have given rise to its unique morphology and environmental adaptions.