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In this paper, the authors describe the energy state-dependent regulation of the PVN^GLP-1R to DVC circuit, resulting in altered food intake and metabolic health, mediated by GLP-1 receptor signalling.

Commonly used opioids for pain management primarily target the mu opioid receptor. However, mu opioid receptor agonists often come with harmful side effects. Here, the authors report the results of two phase 3 trials of HSK21542 (anrikefon), a highly selective activator of peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonists, for postoperative pain treatment following abdominal surgery.

A multi-observational study including laboratory analysis of the Chang’e-5 mission samples, in situ measurements and orbital datasets determined the high level of maturity and iron content of the Chang’e-5 landing site regolith. Heavily processed by space weathering, it mostly comes from the nearby Xu Guangqi crater, formed 240–300 Myr ago.

Molecules can be used as junctions in energy conversion devices, but the related heat dissipation and transport mechanisms are poorly understood. Wang and Xu address this issue in simulations and identify the critical power to maintain thermal stability at a model molecular junction interface.

Here, Song and Li et al. show that autophagy-related 8 (Atg8) recruits Atg1 to the surface of autophagosomes to coordinate membrane expansion of the autophagy machinery. Artificial tethering of the Atg1 kinase ___domain to autophagosomal membranes boosts autophagy in multiple species.

Intrinsic toughening in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides can be achieved simply by twisting the layers. This twisting promotes cross-layer healing and grain boundary formation, which shield fracture tips from stress concentration.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

This study investigates optimal 4D-STEM data acquisition parameters for low-dose electron ptychography, achieving near-atomic-resolution ( ~ 2 Å) reconstruction at electron doses of ~100 e⁻/Ų on highly sensitive metal-organic framework materials.

Traditional machine learning methods for drug development struggle with bioactivity prediction due to the limited number of compounds in each assay and assay incompatibilities. Feng et al. developed ActFound, a bioactivity foundation model trained by pairwise learning and meta-learning, that improves the accuracy and generalization of bioactivity prediction.

Theoretical studies discover quantum momentum tunnelling between liquid flows separated by nanometre-thick graphene layers via the interaction between molecular dipole excitations and plasmons.

The interplay of magnetism, various symmetries and correlations can lead to intriguing physics in the solid state. Here, the authors report signatures of a Hund nodal line in the antiferromagnet YMn₂Ge₂.

Large stroke, long lifespan and durability are challenging in electrostatic in-plane micro actuators. Here, the authors exploit the structural superlubric sliding interfaces of a micro-scale graphite flake and the silicon dioxide track to achieve this goal.

Manipulating collective phenomena in solid-state platforms with optical means is an ongoing topic of interest in condensed matter physics. Here, the authors demonstrate all-optical room-temperature manipulation of electronic states in the charge-density-wave material EuTe₄.

An unexpectedly strong pressure-resistance and wear-free feature of structural superlubricity is reported. The breakdown pressure beyond which wear is triggered can exceed material strengths, and is determined by structural and electronic effects.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Aligned 2D assembled fibres have been developed by drawing like 1D polymers, yet with disorders in cross-section. Here, the authors bidirectionally promote assembly order of graphene fibres, achieving high modulus and highly thermal conductivity.

With increasing reliance on public data sources, researchers are concerned whether low-quality or even adversarial data could have detrimental effects on medical models. Yang et al. developed Scorpius, a malicious text generator, to investigate whether large language models can mislead medical knowledge graphs. They show that a single generated paper abstract can mislead a medical reasoning system that has read millions of papers.

Current top-down and bottom-up syntheses of graphene nanostructures suffer from low yields or do not produce structures with different and controlled shapes. Here, monodisperse graphene shapes are produced by diamond-edge cutting of pyrolytic graphite followed by exfoliation.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contains a multi-basic cleavage site. Here, the authors show how this multi-basic cleavage site affects entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells and transmission in the hamster model and identify host factors affecting entry of SARS-CoV-2 in a genome-wide CRISPR screen.

Increased glycolysis and inflammatory responses have been observed in endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. However, the role of endothelial glycolysis in atherosclerosis is unclear. Here the authors unveil a protective role for glycolysis by showing that endothelial deletion of Prkaa1 accelerates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice through a reduction of glycolytic metabolism.

A series of molecular rare-earth telluride clusters incorporating a three-centre, four-electron, tri-tellurido ligand (Te₃⁴⁻) are reported. These atomically precise clusters, possessing ultralow band gaps comparable to those of monocrystalline silicon and gallium arsenide, are potentially applicable as quantum materials and for optoelectronic applications.

The next step after sequencing a genome is to figure out how the cell actually uses it as an instruction manual. A large international consortium has examined 1% of the genome for what part is transcribed, where proteins are bound, what the chromatin structure looks like, and how the sequence compares to that of other organisms.

The authors uncovered the physiological mechanism underlying the functional role of melanin-concentrating hormone in the dorsolateral septum, a region involved in routing hippocampal firing rhythms and encoding spatial memory.

Researchers overcome the typical scintillator trade-off between high efficiency and speed. In organic scintillators, researchers drove hot excitons into fast singlet emission states without involving the lowest triplet states, which led to a fast radiative lifetime and strong light yield that may be applicable to ultrafast detection and imaging.

Negative Poisson’s ratio, offering unusual properties, is displayed by several materials and predicted for graphene. This work demonstrates such behaviors in monolithic films with interconnected networks of close-packed graphene laminates, and tunability through the chemistry and microstructures.

The film uniformity is essential to the fixed pattern noise (FPN) and resolution of X-ray detectors. Here the authors demonstrate the rheological engineering of the perovskite suspension to achieve low FPN of 1.39% and high resolution of 0.51 lp/pix.

An effective vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) needs to protect from several genotypes. Here, Wang et al. provide a strategy to produce single capsomere-hybrid virus-like particle (chVLP) composed of capsomers of different genotypes and show that a nona-type chVLP induces similar levels of neutralizing antibodies as an approved HPV vaccine.

Bacterial Rhs proteins with toxic domains are often secreted by type VI secretion systems. Here, the authors show that one of these proteins self-cleaves into three fragments, with the Rhs core and the N-terminal ___domain facilitating secretion and function of the C-terminal toxic ___domain.

Potential application of Titanium carbide MXene in wearable devices is limited by the formation of voids during assembly. Here, the authors demonstrate a synergistic densification strategy by intercalating small flakes and interfacial bridging to obtain high-performance MXene films.

Thermal management is important for designing bio-nano interfaces for biosensing and thermotherapic applications. Here the authors perform simulations showing that nm-thick water layers between graphene and cell membranes display layered ordering, promoting interfacial thermal coupling and thermal dissipation.

Pressure-driven ultrafiltration membranes are important for industrial and environmental applications. Here, the authors describe nanochannelled graphene oxide membranes, fabricated via a copper hydroxide nanostrand templating approach and evaluate their performance in water purification processes.

Catastrophic breakage of brittle materials such as ceramics is usually triggered by the rapid spreading of cracks. Computer simulations have now cracked the three-dimensional details of this process.

Pathological angiogenesis in the retina is a major cause of blindness. Here the authors show that adenosine receptor A2A drives pathological angiogenesis in the oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model by promoting glycolysis in endothelial cells via the ERK/Akt/HIF-1α pathway, thereby suggesting new therapeutic targets for disease treatment.

The molecular mechanisms underlying vascular inflammation are unclear. Here the authors show that pro-inflammatory stimuli lead to endothelial inflammation by increasing adenosine kinase expression, and that its knockdown in endothelial cells inhibits atherosclerosis and cerebral ischemic injury in mice.

AtACINUS is an Arabidopsis homolog of a mammalian splicing regulator and previously found to be O-GlcNAcyated. Here Bi et al. characterize the interactors and targets of AtACINUS, show it is required for development and stress responses and provide evidence that its O-glycosylation affects alternative splicing.

Here the authors design an electrolysis reactor to generate H₂O₂ which could be further catalytically activated by Cu single atoms to yield hydroxyl radicals. Combining the two reactions enables a system that could treat organic wastewater, providing a path toward sustainable advanced oxidation processes.

It is difficult to achieve high current density and long lifetime for micro generators owing to the common friction and wear. Here the authors invent a microscale Schottky superlubric generator to tackle this issue, reporting not only high current and power densities but also long lifetime of at least 5,000 cycles.

Here, the authors investigate the long-range interaction and coalescence mechanism of water and ethanol nanopockets encapsulated in twisted bilayer graphene, showing the complete recovery of moiré patterns after the motion of the contaminants.

Stretch-induced alignment of graphene sheets is frozen by sequential covalent and π–π bridging, leading to high in-plane isotropic strength of 1.55 GPa. The graphene sheets are fabricated at near room temperature and are scalable.