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The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

Here, the authors performed plasma proteomics and metabolomics analysis and identify the vinculin (VCL) pathway as a key mediator of lung exudation in SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly associated with Omicron infection. In a mouse model of infection inhibition of VCL leads to reduced lung pathology.

The asymmetric dearomatization photocatalysis of unactivated arenes remains challenging and rare. Herein the authors demonstrate an enzyme‐mimicking cage‐confined visible‐light asymmetric photocatalysis method for intramolecular dearomative cycloaddition with electron‐deficient β‐aryl enones.

Rooftop photovoltaic systems are often seen as a niche solution for mitigation but could offer large-scale opportunities. Using multi-source geospatial data and artificial intelligence techniques, the authors map their potential for reducing global temperatures and analyse regional differences.

A zeolite-confined Cu single-atom cluster was developed for the electrochemical CO reduction application, which can achieve stable CO-to-acetate conversion at an industrial current density of 1 A cm⁻² at 2.7 V with a high acetate Faraday efficiency for over 1,000 h at atmospheric pressure.

In this phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with anti-PD-1 finotonlimab plus cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (C5F) prolonged overall survival compared with placebo plus C5F.

The cryo-EM structure of the GSDMB pore reveals mechanisms by which GSDMB pore-forming activity is regulated by pathogenic bacteria and mRNA splicing.

PERIOD proteins, the core components of the mammalian circadian clock, act as the CK1 scaffold in the negative feedback process. Surprisingly, the mouse circadian clock can function independent of PER phosphorylation and PER abundance rhythms.

The mechanistic involvement of sonic hedgehog signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is not clear. Here, the authors show that sonic hedgehog protein regulates the stability of HSP90β, enabling hepatocytes to secrete exosomes containing miR-28-5-p to promote NASH development.

Heavy metal-organic complexes are among the most critical carcinogens threatening global water safety. Here, the authors report a strategy of coordinating mediator-based electro-reduction for the single-step recovery of heavy metals from wastewater contaminated with heavy metal-organic complexes.

SARS-CoV-2 evolves into new subtypes necessitating further vaccine development. Here the authors generate a trivalent vaccine with Receptor Binding Domains from Delta, BA.5 and XBB.1.5 variants and characterize immunogenicity and protection in mice and safety in a phase I vaccine trial in humans.

Methane (CH4) photocatalytic upgrading to value-added chemicals, especially C2 products, is significant yet challenging. Here the authors realize solar-driven CH4 oxidation to ethanol on carbon nitride modified with Cu9S5 and Cu single atoms with a record-high selectivity of ~95%.

Based on two high-resolution simulations, the authors find that submesoscale eddies significantly boost poleward oceanic heat transport in Antarctic waters by strengthening transport capability of mesoscale eddies through inverse energy cascade.

The detailed mechanism of anodic H₂ production from aldehydes remains unclear. Here, authors identify two key interconvertible intermediates of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation in alkaline medium, finding H₂ production via hydride transfer from one of the intermediates.

Most miniature Cas12f nucleases have T-rich PAM specificity, restricting their targeting scopes. The cryo-EM structure of the Clostridium novyi Cas12f1 reveals the molecular basis for rare C-rich PAM recognition and enables optimization of sgRNA scaffold to improve CnCas12f1 activity.

Here, the authors show that two mutations in the Plasmodium de-ubiquitinase UBP1 alter the ubiquitination level, membrane localization, and ligand transport direction of multidrug resistance transporter 1 (MDR1), leading to multiple drug resistances.

Stable-isotope tracing allows quantifying metabolic activity by measuring isotopically labeled metabolites, but its metabolome coverage has been limited. Here, the authors develop a global isotope tracing approach with metabolome-wide coverage and use it to characterize metabolic activities in aging Drosophila.

A one-pot kinetically controlled synthetic framework for constructing regioselective architectures in a series of well-defined metallic heterostructures is demonstrated, in which phase and morphology regulation of Pd–Sb substrate are implemented to validate the kinetically controlled synthesis.

Designing active, stable and cost-effective catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction remains a challenge. Here, the authors report iridium single atoms incorporated cobalt oxides, showing distinctly enhanced performance in the acid.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Ye and colleagues show that an oncolytic virus that delivers tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes to tumor cells can exploit the abundant population of bystander T cells in the tumor for anti-tumor immunity and potentiate cancer immunotherapy.

Understanding the effect of the space charge layer (SCL) in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries is challenging due to lack of direct experimental observations. Here the authors visualize the SCL using an in-situ DPC-STEM imaging technique, based on which they further introduce a built-in electric field to suppress its formation.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has quickly become the predominant circulating variant, due to the high transmissibility and immune escape. Here, the authors develop a trimeric protein vaccine candidate and show a sustained humoral immune response, and protection from challenge (Omicron and Delta) in various animal models.

HARP are member of protein-only RNase P, which catalyzes pre-tRNA 5’-end processing and maturation. Here, the authors present crystal structure and provide mechanistic insights into pre-tRNA binding and cleavage by HARP proteins.

Soluble misfolded proteins that fail to be degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are redirected to autophagy via specific adaptors, such as p62. Here the authors show that p62 recognises N-degrons in these proteins, acting as a N-recognin from the proteolytic N-end rule pathway, and targets these cargos to autophagosomal degradation.

Superionic materials are of interest for solid-state batteries or thermoelectrics, yet a clear understanding of the atomistic mechanisms is lacking. Here it is shown that transverse acoustic phonons persist above the superionic transition in argyrodite Ag₈SnSe₆, and that the free-Se sublattice controls fast Ag cation diffusion.

The synthesis of ultrathin two-dimensional metastable metallic nanomaterials is highly challenging. Here, the authors report free-standing RhMo nanosheets with atomic thickness and a core/shell (metastable/stable phase) structure for high performance towards hydrogen oxidation.

You et al. show that SrpA, a small protein widely conserved among bacteria, controls core cellular processes in response to phage infection and environmental signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including cell motility, chemotaxis, biofilm formation, and virulence.

Torsion-strained Ta_xTm_yIr_1−x−yO_2−δ nanocatalyst with abundant grain boundaries is promising towards acidic oxygen evolution in practical proton exchange membrane electrolysers. The cost of H₂ is estimated to be reduced to US$1 per kg.

Screw dislocations in α-iron move more easily in the presence of hydrogen, as evidenced by real-time imaging using quantitative transmission electron microscopy.

Whole-genome sequencing and association analysis of 270 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) isolates from China identify two non-synonymous EBV variants within BALF2 that are strongly associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The gut microbiota may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and healthy controls, identifying microbial strains and functions associated with the disease.

Clustering groups of cells in single-cell RNA sequencing datasets can produce high-resolution information for complex biological questions. However, it is statistically and computationally challenging due to the low RNA capture rate, which results in a high number of false zero count observations. A deep learning approach called scDeepCluster, which efficiently combines a model for explicitly characterizing missing values with clustering, shows high performance and improved scalability with a computing time increasing linearly with sample size.

Qin, Pei and colleagues report that autophagy is induced early during somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. mTORC1 and autophagy control reprogramming efficiency by modulating mitochondrial architecture and p62 levels.

The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium reports the generation of new mouse mutant strains for more than 5,000 genes, including 2,850 novel null, 2,987 novel conditional-ready and 4,433 novel reporter alleles.