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A selective shielding strategy achieves the differentiation and quantification of distinct plasmonic photocatalytic mechanisms including hot carrier-driven photochemistry, resonant field-mediated energy transfers, and thermal contributions.

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to high-value products through local coordination environment regulation of metal centers is important. Here, the authors demonstrate an asymmetric Zn-Sn dual atom sites catalyst with d-p orbital hybridization thereby achieving high formate selectivity.

Asymmetric catalysts show promise for CO₂ electrochemical catalytic reduction. Here, the authors develop a pulsed discharge method to prepare graphene-aerogel-supported asymmetric Cu nanoclusters catalysts that enhance electrochemical CO₂ conversion into multicarbon products.

Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN is often observed during endometrial cancer (EC) progression. Here the authors show that the deacetylase SIRT7 mediates PTEN deacetylation in an estrogen-dependent manner, leading to increased ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN to promote EC metastasis.

Boron-containing four-membered rings are less studied than five- and six-membered boron rings owing to limited preparative approaches. Now a triplet energy transfer strategy has been developed for the synthesis of strained, air-stable benzoboretenes through the intramolecular coupling of boron–carbon-centred diradicals. The preparation of dihydroborinine and dihydrocyclopropaborole derivatives has also been achieved.

Lithium cobalt oxide is widely studied for electrocatalytic applications. Here, the authors develop a technique for delithiating the material in organic electrolyte, and demonstrate that the oxygen evolution catalytic activity is significantly improved after the treatment.

Dual-atom catalysts with precise active sites are gaining attention, but further studies are needed to optimise their construction and understand their catalytic synergy. Here the authors report a series of asymmetric selenium-based dual- atom catalysts that comprise heteronuclear SeN2–MN2 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, etc.) active sites for the efficient oxygen reduction reaction.

Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia offers a sustainable route, but designing efficient catalysts remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a pulsed discharge strategy to synthesize dual atom catalysts with asymmetric active sites, achieving high ammonia production efficiency and stability.

Chen et al. show how host genetics influence the abundance of commensal Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut, which in turn produce palmitoleic acid, thus contributing to shaping host immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Here the authors report genome-wide profiling of tRNA modifications using Induro-tRNAseq and uncover coordinated changes across cell types and tissues that underlie the basis of protein homeostasis.

Heterogeneous water disinfection is a promising way to avoid secondary pollution, but it is not very efficient. The development of nanoflakes shows that a much higher efficiency than previously achieved can be achieved through solar-driven heterogeneous disinfection.

The dual-atom electrocatalyst shows great promise, but designing an active and stable catalytic center remains challenging. Here the authors design sulfur, nitrogen co-doped carbon nanosheets with asymmetrically coordinated double atomic iron centres for active and stable water oxidation in anion exchange membrane electrolyser.

Sun et al. identify the deubiquitinase USP15 as a regulator of PARP1 stability in triple-negative breast cancer and show that the hormone receptors ER, PR and HER2 inhibit USP15-mediated PARP1 stabilization, modulating base excision repair.

Integrated alveolus and blood–brain barrier tissue chips recapitulate neuropathogenesis associated with infection by SARS-CoV-2.

Developing high-performance Pt-based catalysts with low Pt loading is crucial but challenging for CO oxidation. Here, the authors report a novel Pt/TiO₂ catalyst consisting of Pt–Ti intermetallic single-atom alloy and Pt nanoparticles to efficiently catalyze CO oxidation.

Rice false smut, caused by the pathogenic ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah, has a significant economic impact on crop production. Here, Zhang et al. report the draft genome sequence of U. virensand provide insight into the evolution of genes involved in pathogenicity and adaptation to a biotrophic and floret-infecting lifestyle.

Light-driven catalytic conversion of CO₂ to fuels and chemicals presents a way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, but new strategies are needed to improve performance. Here the authors find that greenhouse effects can be exploited in photothermal catalysts to enhance their ability to produce methane and carbon monoxide.

Our understanding of microbial diversity and physiology in marine sediments is limited. Here, Gong et al. analyze thousands of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from coastal and deep-sea sediments, and identify MAGs belonging to new bacterial phyla that seem able to mediate key steps in sedimentary biogeochemistry.

The valorization of undesirable substrates offers a two-fold strategy for pollution remediation and renewable energy conversion. Here, authors demonstrate the scavenging of Ni from electroplating wastewater and subsequent utilization as materials for photothermal CO₂ reduction.

It is essential to investigate the formation mechanism of closed pore, which contributes to low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode in sodium ion batteries. Herein, the authors explore the impact of wood precursor components and carbonization temperature on closed pore formation in hard carbon for enhanced battery performance.

A few bacterial Cas9 nucleases have been repurposed as genome editing tools. Here, the authors use bioinformatic and biochemical analyses to characterize 79 Cas9 proteins, revealing substantial functional diversity and thus expanding the available toolbox of RNA-programmable CRISPR-associated nucleases.

The limited photocurrents and large overpotentials impede practical application of photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, the authors construct a CdS-CdSe/MoS2/NiFe layered double hydroxides photoanode, delivering a low potential and large photocurrent gains due to the formation of highly oxidized Ni species under illumination

Water electrolysis can generate carbon-neutral hydrogen gas from water, yet the required catalysts are often expensive, scarce, and poor at gas release. Here, the authors prepared nitrogen-doped carbon tungstide nanoarrays with high water-splitting activities and bubble-releasing surfaces.

Electrochemical ion intercalation in 2D layered materials is known to occur through the material’s edges, accompanied by frequent structural deformations. Here the authors show that in MoS2 flakes where the edges have been sealed, a reversible and ion-selective intercalation occurs through the top surface via the intrinsic defects.

Tim-3 is an inhibitory molecule that suppresses T-cell responses. Here the authors show that the cytokine IL-27, acting through the transcription factor NFIL3, induces Tim-3 in vivo, and that IL-27-conditioned Th1 cells have poor effector function.

Gonadal germline epigenetic reprogramming involves an interplay between DNA methylation, the polycomb complex and Tet1 in both DNA methylation dependent and independent roles, to ensure the activation of a specific subset of genes critical for progression of gametogenesis.

Methods to integrate Earth system modelling (ESM) with deep learning offer promise for advancing understanding of Earth processes. This Perspective explores the development and applications of hybrid Earth system modelling, a framework that integrates neural networks into ESM throughout the modelling lifecycle.

The CRISPR/Cas system is an RNA-guided bacterial protection system against foreign nucleic acids of bacterial and archaeal origin; here a high-resolution crystal structure of the CRIPSR RNA–Cas complex shows that the CRIPSR RNA plays an essential role not only in target recognition but also in complex assembly.