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A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Super-enhancers drive TFAP2A-mediated metabolic reprogramming and SLC7A8 oncogene activation in uveal melanoma, identifying epigenetic vulnerabilities for precision therapy.

The brainstem’s internal architecture and response to TBI are underestimated. Here, authors show distinct neuronal subtypes in the brainstem and reveal that disconnection of oligodendrocytes near the IV ventricle and altered locus coeruleus connectivity occur after TBI.

Hyperuniform disordered solids are a unique glass state that exhibits suppressed density fluctuations. Here, authors generate hyperuniform glasses with high stability, identifying key exponents of hyperuniformity tied to jamming, and provide insights into ideal disordered solids and metamaterials.

Prostate cancers (PCa) are characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors identify a subset of iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts secreting myeloid cell-associated proteins and driving immunosuppression in PCa.

Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a limitation to their use in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, the authors show that targeting the ubiquitin peptidase USP47 overcomes TKI resistance and eliminates leukaemia stem/progenitor cells in primary and xenograft CML murine models.

Urethral repair can be carried out using hydrogels, but the harsh microenvironment hinders the repair. Here, the authors report the development of a 4D hydrogel dressing that can provide an early-vascularised and later-antifibrogenic microenvironment to assist in scarless reconstruction.

The poor survival rate for bladder cancers is associated with the lack of effective non-invasive theranostic techniques. Here this group reports a lanthanide-doped nanotransducer activated for real-time NIR-II imaging thereby navigates the photodynamic treatment of bladder cancer.

A South China Sea expedition in 2021 identified a 3.5-km-deep site close to the Equator for a next-generation neutrino telescope: TRIDENT. A large array of advanced detectors will be arrayed on the seabed to probe fundamental physics and explore the extreme Universe.

Minimally invasive irreversible electroporation shows some therapeutic promise in irresectable pancreatic cancers that are notorious for poor survival. Here authors combine this with administration of a hydrogel microsphere vaccine that augments the antigen presentation T cell response cascade that naturally initiates following ablation.

Circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) is essential for asymmetric synthetic photochemistry. Here, the authors integrate white quantum dots with chiral nematic liquid crystal or liquid crystal polymer to achieve single-emitted tuneable full-colour or white CPL for enantioselective polymerization.

The bacterial adhesin, RadD, enhances the ability of Fusobacterium nucleatum to interact with colorectal cancer cells and promote tumour development in mice.

Miniature gene editing tools are highly desired for efficient in vivo delivery and disease treatment. Here, the authors reported engineering hypercompact TnpB-ωRNA for robust gene editing with minimal off-target effect in cultured cells and use it to rescue fatal genetic liver disease in a tyrosinaemia mouse model.

Robotic applications in complex environments require high-frequency and versatile oscillators. Here, the authors present a pneumatic oscillator that integrates hybrid soft, elastic, and rigid structures. It achieves a maximum frequency of 51 Hz, enabling fast, pre-programmable, and tunable motion patterns.

Immunotherapy, the reactivation of the immune system to recognize cancer cells, can be accompanied by severe adverse effects. Here, the authors use pharmacovigilance and genomic data to be able to predict which patients might be susceptible to such severe events.

The cancer cell-extrinsic roles of deubiquitinases are unclear. Here the authors show that deubiquitinase USP12 downregulation contributes to development of an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment in KRAS-driven lung cancers and mechanistically this is through the insufficient deubiquitination of the NF-κB inhibitor, PPM1B.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is driven by H3K27M oncohistones, but the exact related mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify an H3.3K27M oncohistone-driven CREB5/ID1 axis that promotes transcriptional changes and progression in DIPG, which could represent a potential therapeutic target.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are clinically heterogeneous, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Here, the authors describe the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of 117 GISTs from 105 patients; they find four molecular subtypes as well as recurrent inactivating YLPM1 mutations in high-risk/metastatic GIST.

Ancient DNA, stable isotopes and other archaeological methods establish that humans were living at extremely high elevation on the Tibetan Plateau 4,400 years ago, maintaining sedentary lifestyles that combined fishing, hunting and crop exchange.

Accessing analogs capable of mimicking ortho- and meta-substituted anilines remains challenging due to the lack of a versatile and modular synthetic method. Here, the authors present a modular approach to access a diverse array of saturated bioisosteres of anilines via photoelectrochemical-induced decarboxylative C(sp³)–N Coupling.

Transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a multimeric protein complex regulating membrane trafficking pathways. Here the authors show that TRAPPC4, a core subunit of TRAPP complex, is required for RAB11-mediated recycling of PD-L1, affecting T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.

TRPV1 ion channels allow for water flow through them and their activity can be suppressed by downregulating the permeation of cations through the channels via the administration of deuterated water.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important modulators of the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors perform transcriptome profiling of immune cells from patients with renal clear cell carcinoma to find a Treg signature that correlates with poorer prognosis, with CD177 being implicated as the main mediator for related alterations in Treg activity and tumor outcome.

Cardiac macrophage contributes to the onset of cardiac fibrosis, but the underneath mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that mouse cardiac macrophages from circulating monocytes may trans-differentiate into myofibroblast under hypertensive conditions for fibrosis development, with an AKLBH5/IL11 molecular axis modulating this macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition.

A variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes. Here, the authors identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 and show that it controls rice yield by regulating male fertility.

MCL1, a pro-survival BCL-2 related protein with rapid turnover rate, is often dysregulated in cancers. Here, the authors show that MCL1’s stability is regulated by deubiquitinase USP13, and its inhibition sensitises tumor cells to BH3 mimetic inhibitors.

Across cancer types tumor heterogeneity has been observed, but how this relates to tumor evolution is unclear. Here, the authors sequence multiple synchronous lung cancers, highlighting the evolutionary pressures that simultaneously shape the expansion and constraint of genomic heterogeneity.

A large light-receiving angle in planar solar cells is crucial for flexible installation of distributed photovoltaics. Here, authors report sequential-processed all-polymer solar cells with nano-sized phase separation integrated in micro-sized surface topology and maximum efficiency of over 19%.

Direct recycling of critical battery materials bring promise but a challenge for the mixed cathode chemistries. Here, the authors report a sustainable upcycling approach, transforming degraded LiFePO₄ and Mn-rich cathodes into a high-voltage polyanionic material with an increased energy density and economic value.

Quantum nanomagnets, which display collective quantum behaviours, serve as important components in modern quantum technologies, but their fabrication has remained challenging. Quantum nanomagnets have now been constructed spin by spin in metal-free porphyrin chains, using on-surface synthesis and hydrogen manipulation using a scanning tunnelling microscope, and their collective quantum behaviours have been clearly resolved.

The molecular mechanism underlying initial circuit wiring in amygdala is poorly understood. Here the authors show that ephrin-B3 is required for axon targeting and amygdala spinogenesis during a critical period in development, and plays an important role in amygdala mediated fear responses.

This study reveals that short-term acute heat stress causes vacuolation of the Golgi apparatus, whereafter autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) translocates to the cisternal membrane and recruits CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN 2 (CLC2) to facilitate Golgi reconstruction by promoting the budding of ATG8-positive vesicles.

High-brightness, long-lifetime blue Ph-OLEDs were achieved by novel tBuCz-based asymmetric Ir(III) emitters.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease that is associated with multiple genetic and environmental variables. Here the authors develop genetically engineered probiotics with selfproducing functional proteins and biofilm self-coating for safe and efficient IBD treatment in mice.

Non-fused ring electron acceptors may have low synthetic costs but also exhibit poor crystallinity in organic solar cells. Zeng et al. use a binary solvent system to control the crystallization and phase separation of donor and acceptor materials, achieving over 19% efficiency.