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Clonal selection is a process proposed to explain how a single B or T cell that recognizes an antigen that enters the body is selected from the pre-existing cell pool of differing antigen specificities and then reproduced to generate a clonal cell population that eliminates the antigen.
Cathepsin L, a lysosomal protease, is critical for thymic epithelial cell function, particularly in CD4+ T cell selection, TCR repertoire diversity and the regulation of peripheral immune responses.
B cell germinal centres achieve a balance between clonal expansion and sequence diversification by suppressing somatic hypermutation during proliferative clonal bursts.
Dysregulated CD4 T cells have been implicated in autoimmune liver disease, but their phenotypes and origin are still unclear. Here the authors profile circulating, autoreactive CD4 T cells to find transcription signatures similar to tissue-activated, exhausted T cells, thereby hinting a tissue origin for these circulation CD4 T cells.
Immune aging is associated with altered homeostasis of distinct T cell populations, but a link to clonal dynamic is still not made. Here the authors develop a new framework, Repertoire Functional Units (RFU), and use public TCR sequences to find specific TCR clonal changes that correlate with aged immune repertoires or outcomes of acute viral infection.
Here the authors present a mass cytometry-based method for identification of antigen-specific T cells and their differentiation state, testing it in cancer, bacterial and viral mouse models.
In this Resource paper, the authors integrate T cell antigen receptor, B cell antigen receptor and exome sequencing comparing early and metastatic breast cancer in humans, showing how the immune response and tumors coevolve.
Cathepsin L, a lysosomal protease, is critical for thymic epithelial cell function, particularly in CD4+ T cell selection, TCR repertoire diversity and the regulation of peripheral immune responses.
HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are dysfunctional in the majority of people living with HIV. However, long-term treatment with antiretroviral therapy may considerably improve the antiviral function of these cells.
Structure-guided protein design enables germline-targeting immunization strategies to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies against MPER, a region of the HIV envelope glycoprotein that is functionally important and highly conserved, but a challenging target for antibody responses.
The use of T cell receptor signatures to track activated spike-specific T cell dynamics between recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent mRNA vaccination shows that vaccination effectively recruits pre-existing memory and new CD8+ T cell clonotypes.
