Fig. 6: Generalized strategy for preparing stiff and tough gels.

a Tensile stress-strain curves of FTD-Li gel. b Tensile stress-strain curves of FTD-Zn gel. c Tensile stress-strain curves of FTD-Fe gel. d Tensile stress-strain curves of FT (black), FTD-C (red) composed of κ-Carrageenan. e Tensile stress-strain curves of FT (black), FTD-C (red) composed of PVA/SA. f Tensile stress–strain curves of FT (black), FTD-C (red) composed of PAAm.