Fig. 5: PD-L1 expression and association with pathological response and overall survival.

Pre- to post treatment changes of density of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment assessed through multiplexed immunofluorescence. Baseline samples available in 9 major responders and 20 minor responders. Post-chemotherapysamples available in 7 major responders and 13 minor responders. Boxplots represent the median, and 25th and 75th percentiles; the whiskers extend from the hinge to the largest value no further than 1.5× IQR from the hinge. Pre- to post pairwise statistical significance was tested using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test; for differences between major and minor responders, the significance was tested using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. All statistical tests were two sided. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Only significant p-values are shown. a Combined positive score. b Immune proportion score (%). c Tumor proportion score (%). d–f representing delta (Δ) expression values in minor pathologic responders (blue) and minor pathologic responders (green), showing post-chemo minus baseline. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.