Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study participants.
Variables | Total (n = 312,009) | Individuals without PD (n = 309,653) | Individuals with PD (n = 2,356) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), y | 57.01 (8.01) | 57.27 (7.91) | 63.18 (5.14) | <0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Male | 145,481(47) | 143,988 (46) | 1493(63) | <0.001 |
Female | 166,528 (53) | 165,665(54) | 863 (37) | <0.001 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
College or university degree | 91,618 (29) | 90,989 (29) | 629 (27) | |
Other | 220,391 (69) | 218,664 (71) | 1727 (73) | |
Employment status, n (%) | 0.130 | |||
Employed or retired | 289,120(93) | 284,516 (92.6) | 2195 (93.6) | |
Others | 20,480 (6.6) | 20,343 (6.6) | 137 (5.8) | |
Unknown | 2409 | 2397 | 12 | |
Household income, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
<£18,000 | 62,595 (24) | 61,907 (23) | 688 (35) | |
£18,000–29,999 | 70,595 (26) | 70,006 (26) | 589 (30) | |
£30,000–51,999 | 69,586 (26) | 69,183 (26) | 403 (21) | |
£52,000–100,000 | 51,581 (19) | 51,373 (19) | 208 (11) | |
>£100,000 | 12,658 (4.9) | 12.601 (4.8) | 57 (2.9) | |
Unknown | 44,994 | 44,583 | 411 | |
Townsend deprivation index, mean (SD) | −1.57 (2.89) | −1.57 (2.89) | −1.53 (2.99) | 0.900 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 27.6 (4.8) | 27.5 (4.8) | 27.8 (4.7) | 0.003 |
Alcohol, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
Never | 9997 (4.5) | 9885 (3.2) | 112 (4.8) | |
Previous | 10,820 (3.6) | 10,685 (3.5) | 135 (5.7) | |
Current | 290,918 (92) | 288,816 (93) | 2102 (89) | |
Unknown | 274 | 267 | 7 | |
Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
Never | 166,451 (54) | 165,242 (54) | 1209 (52) | |
Previous | 112,299 (35) | 111,319 (36) | 980 (42) | |
Current | 32,120 (11) | 31,965 (10) | 155 (6.6) | |
Unknown | 1139 | 1127 | 12 | |
No. of long-term morbidities | <0.001 | |||
None | 109,008 (35) | 108,465 (35) | 543 (23) | |
1 | 99,994 (32) | 99,305 (32) | 689 (29) | |
2 | 57,170 (18) | 56,633 (18) | 537 (23) | |
3 | 26,775 (8.6) | 26,453 (8.5) | 322 (14) | |
4 | 11,259 (3.6) | 11,118 (3.6) | 141 (6.0) | |
≥5 | 7803 (2.5) | 7679 (2.5) | 124 (5.3) | |
Genetic risk category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
Low | 104,002 (33) | 103,466 (33) | 536 (23) | |
Intermediate | 104,004 (33) | 103,275 (33) | 729 (31) | |
High | 104,003 (33) | 102,912 (33) | 1091 (46) | |
Air pollution, μg/m3, mean (SD) | ||||
PM2.5 | 9.94 (1.04) | 9.94 (1.04) | 9.93 (1.03) | <0.001 |
PM10 | 19.08 (1.83) | 19.07 (1.83) | 19.12 (1.81) | <0.001 |
NO2 | 28.14 (8.38) | 28.14 (8.38) | 28.43 (8.51) | <0.001 |
NOx | 42.97 (14.87) | 42.97 (14.88) | 43.00 (14.48) | <0.001 |
