Fig. 5: High-throughput sequencing and CITE-seq analysis of T and B cell repertoire.
a, TRBV gene usage in MIS-C (n = 96 samples from 58 patients), pCOVID-19 (n = 21 samples from 21 patients) and pHC (n = 13 samples from 13 individuals). Clonotypes with ambiguous gene assignments are excluded from the figure. For each gene, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test with unadjusted P values was used to compare the three groups. NS: P > 0.05 (not significant), *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, ****P ≤ 0.0001. b, TRBV11-2 gene usage observed in patients with MIS-C within the first 7 days (in blue, n = 36 samples from 35 patients) and at later time points (in yellow, n = 59 samples from 44 patients) during hospitalization. Pearson correlation coefficient (number of days from admission versus TRBV11-2 gene usage) and its P value are shown for both time intervals. The inset plot in the figure provides a comparison between the TRBV11-2 gene usage distributions in these two time intervals and a P value derived from two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Box plots show the median, first and third quantiles (lower and upper hinges) and smallest (lower hinge − 1.5× IQR) and largest (upper hinge + 1.5× IQR) values (lower and upper whiskers). c, Upper panel, TRBV11-2 usage (TRBV11-2 ratio among each sample) in CD4+ T cells among three groups (pHC, n = 7; pCOVID-19, n = 7; and MIS-C, n = 8 (two patients with two time points)) within 40 days of admission. P values shown are from two-sided Wilcoxon test between indicated two groups. Lower panel, TRBV11-2 usage frequency in MIS-C CD4+ T cells over time (days since admission, n = 10). Pearson correlation (R) and associated P values are shown. The shaded area represents standard error. Each dot indicates a sample. Box plot elements are the same as in Fig. 4e. d, Mutation quantification of plasmablasts in the three groups (pHC, n = 7; pCOVID-19, n = 8; and MIS-C, n = 7). P values shown were obtained using two-sided Wilcoxon test between indicated two groups. Each dot indicates a cell. Box plot elements are the same as in Fig. 4b. e, Heat map showing auto-antibodies with the highest variance ordered by fold change, using a cutoff of 4 fold change (Methods). Comparisons were made among pCOVID-19 (n = 5), MIS-C that did not receive IVIG (n = 6) and MIS-C after IVIG administration (MIS-C_IVIG, n = 4).
