Extended Data Fig. 6: ProtAgeGap increases linearly with increasing disease multimorbidity.

a) Years of ProtAgeGap in those with 0 (n = 6,826), 1 (n = 2,056), 2 (n = 605), 3 (n = 206), and 4+ (n = 116) comorbid conditions among UK Biobank (UKB) participants 40-50 years old at recruitment (total n = 9,809). b) Years of ProtAgeGap in those with 0 (n = 10,665), 1 (n = 6,903), 2 (n = 3,765), 3 (n = 1,702), and 4+ (n = 1,410) comorbid conditions among UKB participants aged 51-65 years old at recruitment (total n = 24,445). c) Percentages of the UKB population with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4+ lifetime disease diagnoses. d) Years of ProtAgeGap according to levels of self-rated health in the UKB (total n = 43,393; Poor n = 2,249; Fair n = 9,355; Good n = 24,752; Excellent n = 7,004). Multimorbidity is defined as the number of lifetime diagnoses of any of the 26 diseases analyzed in this study. In a, b, and d, violin plots with center line, box limits, and whiskers represent the median, interquartile range, and minima/maxima within each group. For violin plots only, outliers were trimmed that were more than 2 standard deviations from total mean across all groups in the population subgroup plotted. Tests for significant differences between the means of groups were performed using a two-sided t-test. n.s.: not statistically significant; *** p-value < 0.001; ProtAgeGap: proteomic age gap (in years).