Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics between deep-learning set and validation set.
| Â | Deep-learning set | Validation set | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 328 | n = 128 | ||
Baseline characteristics | |||
 Age [y] |  |  | 0.139 |
  > 70 | 70 (21.3) | 36 (28.1) |  |
  ≤ 70 | 258 (78.0) | 92 (71.9) |  |
 Gender, n (%) |  |  | 0.561 |
  Male | 227 (69.2) | 83 (64.8) |  |
  Female | 101 (30.8) | 45 (35.2) |  |
 BMI [kg/m2] |  |  | 0.250 |
  > 25 | 89 (27.1) | 42 (32.8) |  |
  ≤ 25 | 239 (72.9) | 86 (67.2) |  |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |  |  | 0.342 |
  Yes | 41 (12.5) | 23 (18.0) |  |
  No | 287 (87.5) | 105 (82.0) |  |
 nCRT, n (%) |  |  | 0.201 |
  Yes | 85 (25.9) | 41 (32.0) |  |
  No | 243 (74.1) | 87 (68.0) |  |
 Number of linear stapler cartridges, n (%) |  |  | 0.204 |
  ≥ 3 | 58 (17.7) | 16 (12.5) |  |
  ≤ 2 | 270 (82.3) | 112 (87.5) |  |
 Anastomotic leakage, n (%) |  |  | 0.090 |
  Yes | 48 (14.6) | 11 (8.6) |  |
  No | 280 (85.4) | 117 (91.4) |  |
Biochemical data | |||
 Albumin [g/L] |  |  | 0.356 |
  < 35 | 97 (29.6) | 32 (25.0) |  |
  ≥ 35 | 231 (70.4) | 96 (75.0) |  |
 CEA [ng/mL], n (%) | (Missing = 5) |  | 0.301 |
  > 5 | 97 (29.6) | 32 (25.0) |  |
  ≤ 5 | 226 (68.9) | 96 (75.0) |  |
Tumor characteristics | |||
 Distance from anus [cm] |  |  | 0.637 |
  < 5 | 43 (13.1) | 14 (10.9) |  |
  ≥ 5 | 285 (86.9) | 114 (89.1) |  |
 Tumor size [cm], n (%) |  |  | 0.130 |
  ≥ 5 | 40 (12.2) | 9 (7.0) |  |
  < 5 | 288 (87.8) | 119 (93.0) |  |
 CRM (evaluated by MRI), n (%) |  |  | 0.092 |
  Positive | 72 (22.0) | 19 (14.8) |  |
  Negative | 256 (78.0) | 109 (69.5) |  |
