Figure 1

NMN partially rescues cuproptosis. HeLa cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% copper free serum replacement and pulsed with indicated equimolar concentration of elesclomol and copper chloride (Es/Cu), the cells were harvested 24 h later and the viabilities were determined by CCK-8 assay (A). HeLa cells were treated with indicated concentration of NMN for 24 h, and the cell viabilities were determined by CCK-8 assay (B). HeLa cells were pretreated with indicated dose of NMN and Es/Cu for 2 h and cultured in DMEM with 10% bovine serum supplement, the cell viabilities were determined by CCK-8 assay (C). HeLa cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% copper free serum replacement and pretreated with NMN or TTM before pulsed with 1.5 μM Es/Cu, the expression of DLAT and DLAT protein and mRNA levels were determined by western-blot (D, G) and the bands density were analyzed (E, H), the mRNA level were determined by qPCR (F, I). The aggregation of lipoylated protein were determined by immunofluorescence (J). Results were the mean from 3–5 independent experiments. Data were represented as mean ± SEM. * ns, no significance; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.001; * P < 0.0001.