Table 5 Comparison of laboratory parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and brain injury markers based on initial troponin results.

From: Systemic and cerebro-cardiac biomarkers following traumatic brain injury: an interim analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial of early administration of beta blockers

 

Troponin negative (n = 240)

Troponin positive (n = 110)

p value**

Routine laboratory

 HsTnT initial

5.7 (5.3 to 6.0)

36.7 (26.8 to 46.6)

0.001

 HsTnT (repeated after 6 h) (n = 303)

6.8 (6.3 to 7.2)

81.1 (50.8 to 111.5)

0.001

 Serum CRP (n = 339)

22.6 (17.9 to 27.3)

29.8 (19.2 to 40.4)

0.70

 Lactate (n = 343)

2.5 (2.3 to 2.8)

3.2 (2.6 to 3.8)

0.02

 Base deficit (n = 334)

 − 1.3 (− 1.8 to 0.8)

 − 3.6 (− 4.6 to 2.6)

0.001

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

 Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

86.6 (62.9 to 110.3)

125.8 (85.1 to 166.6)

0.004

  After 24 h†

80.1 (55.1 to 105.1)

96.8 (67.7 to 125.9)

0.002

  After 48 h††

74.2 (51.9 to 96.4)

113.8 (69.5 to 157.9)

0.004

  p value within the group*

0.001

0.001

 

 Interleukin-18 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

556.9 (499.6 to 614.2)

589.4 (496.9 to 682.2)

0.79

  After 24 h†

571.9 (493.9 to 650.1)

582.8 (498.8 to 666.7)

0.46

  After 48 h††

553.3 (468.4 to 638.3)

575.7 (482.4 to 669.0)

0.33

  p value within the group

0.001

0.02

 

 Interleukin-1B (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

51.7 (37.8 to 65.7)

77.3 (44.2 to 110.3)

0.07

  After 24 h†

52.3 (38.7 to 65.7)

62.4 (30.3 to 94.5)

0.66

  After 48 h††

32.1 (25.8 to 38.4)

31.3 (17.9 to 44.7)

0.19

  p value within the group*

0.01

0.001

 

 Interleukin-8 (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

391.3 (300.1 to 482.6)

349.9 (223.2 to 476.6)

0.41

  After 24 h†

425.7 (324.9 to 526.5)

341.8 (247.8 to 435.7)

0.59

  After 48 h††

361.5 (279.5 to 443.5)

415.4 (302.1 to 528.7)

0.25

  p value within the group*

0.003

0.37

 

 Epinephrine (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

1935.7 (1663.5 to 2207.9)

1503.9 (1182.9 to 1824.8)

0.06

  After 24 h

1949.4 (1667.5 to 2231.4)

1393.7 (1066.2 to 1721.2)

0.004

  p value within the group*

0.69

0.01

 

 Brain injury markers

  S-100B (pg/ml) at baseline

428.4 (337.9 to 518.8)

580.2 (436.6 to 723.8)

0.003

 Neuron-specific enolase (pg/ml)

  Baseline (on-admission)

18,998 (16,057 to 21,920)

24,730 (19,025 to 30,434)

0.36

  After 24 h†

16,001 (13,684 to 18,318)

21,352 (16,008 to 26,617)

0.52

  After 48 h††

16,101 (13,015 to 19,187)

19,377 (14,815 to 23,938)

0.21

  p value within the group*

0.001

0.008

 
  1. †Data presented as mean, 95% CI.
  2. *Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for K-related samples (p value determined by Friedman) to see significant differences within each group from baseline to 48 h within the group.
  3. **Mann–Whitney U tests (Kruskal–Wallis test) were used to see significant differences between the groups at each point of time.
  4. †After 24 h.
  5. ††After 48 h.
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