Table 3 Floristic and ethnobotanical data of District Sudhnoti of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

From: Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge of important local plants in Sudhnoti, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

	Botanical name	Family	Habit	Vernacular name	TEM uses	Part used	Mode of preparation	Ur	FC	RFC	FL	UVI	ROP
1	Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) [MUH-62]	Malvaceae	Herb	Bhindi	Diabetes, inflammation	Fruit	Raw	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
2	Acacia modesta Wall., now called as Senegalia modesta [MUH-102]	Mimosaceae	Tree	Plai	Fuel, timber, stimulant	Fruit, wood	Fruit, gum extraction	3	21	0.14	61.9	0.14	8.7
3	Achillea millefolium L.[ MUH-114]	Asteraceae	Herb	Kangi	Tonic, stimulant	Leaves	Leaf extract, decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
4	Achyranthes aspera L. [ MUH-94]	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Puth kanda	Insect bite, Bloody diarrhoea	Leaves, Roots	Root decoction, powder	2	27	0.18	77.7	0.07	14.0
5	Achyranthes bidentata Blume [ MUH-20]	Amaranthaceae	Shrub	Puth kanda	Insect bite, Bloody diarrhoea	Leaves, Roots	Root decoction, powder	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	4.3
6	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex. Royle [ MUH-112]	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Patrees	Analgesic, constipation, Diabetes	Roots	Root decoction, powder	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
7	Adiantum venustum D. Don [ MUH-141]	Polypodiaceae	Fern	Fern	Rhizome	Rhizome	Paste	3	32	0.21	68.7	0.09	14.4
8	Allium cepa L. [64]	Amaryllidaceae	Fern	Pyaz	Edible, tonic, diuretic	Leaves, fruit	Fruit, decoction	3	12	0.08	75	0.25	6.0
9	Allium sativum L. [MUH-65]	Amaryllidaceae	Fern	Thome	Blood pressure, Diuretic, Hypertension	Leaves, Fruit	Leaf extract, decoction	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	10.5
10	Aloe vera (L) Burm .f. [MUH-56]	Asphodelaceae	Herb	Kore	Cosmetic, skin, scabies	Leaves	Gel	3	10	0.06	90	0.3	5.4
11	Amaranthus viridis L. [MUH-2]	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Ghanar	Anti-snake, Scorpion bite	Leaves	Leaves decoction	2	32	0.21	68.7	0.06	14.4
12	Artemisia maritima L. [MUH-139]	Asteraceae	Herb	Afsanthene	Dermal infection, Skin	Leaves, stem	Paste, powder	2	22	0.14	95.4	0.09	13.4
13	Artemisia vulgaris L. [MUH-143]	Asteraceae	Herb	Afsanthene	Dermal infection, Diuretic, Wounds	Leaves, stem	Paste, powder	3	22	0.14	50	0.13	7.0
14	Bauhinia variegata L. [MUH-78]	Caesalpiniaceae	Tree	Kolyaar	Tumours, Goitre, Skin diseases	Leaves	Decoction, bark	3	11	0.07	72.7	0.27	5.1
15	Berberis lycium Royle [MUH-117]	Berberidaceae	Shrub	Sumbloo	Anti-pyretic, carminative, anticancer	Root, stem, bark, leaf	Decoction	2	12	0.08	91.6	0.16	7.3
16	Bidens pilosa L. [MUH-10]	Asteraceae	Shrub	Bhangra buti	Febrifuge, Sore throat	Leaves, Roots	Leaf juice, decoction	2	12	0.08	75	0.16	6.0
17	Bombax ceiba L. [MUH-3]	Bombacaceae	Herb	Simbal	Construction, fever	Leaves	Decoction	2	22	0.14	63.6	0.09	8.9
18	Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) Claphan [MUH-59]	Brassicaceae	Herb	Jamman	Worms, Skin diseases	Leaves	Leaves decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
19	Brassica rapa L. [MUH-8]	Brassicaceae	Herb	Shaljam	Leaves are palatable for goats, Laxative	Whole plant	Powder	2	10	0.06	80	0.2	4.8
20	Cannabis sativa L. [MUH-131]	Cannabaceae	Herb	Bhang	Anti-helminthic, Head pain	Leaves	Juice	2	16	0.10	68.7	0.12	6.9
21	Capsicum annuum L. [MUH-40]	Solanaceae	Herb	Hari Mirch	Cold, dyspepsia	Fruit	Fruit	2	31	0.20	70.9	0.06	14.0
22	Cedrela serrata Royle. [MUH-148]	Meliaceae	Tree	Drawa	Dysentery, ulcers, diabetes	Whole plant	Juice, decoction, powder, paste	2	10	0.06	60	0.2	3.6
23	Celtis eriocarpa Decne. [MUH-12]	Ulmaceae	Tree	Khirck	Colic, allergy	Fruit	Powder	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.0
24	Chenopodium album L. [MUH-30]	Chenopodiaceae	Herb	Bathu	Anthelmintic, laxative	Leaves, seeds	Leaf extract, decoction	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
25	Citrus limon L. [MUH-26]	Rutaceae	Tree	Lemo	Skin irritation, Stomach problem	Fruit	Juice	2	24	0.16	91.6	0.08	5.5
26	Citrus medica L. [MUH-27]	Rutaceae	Tree	Lamon	Anticancer, Stomach disorder	Fruit	Juice	2	22	0.14	95.4	0.09	13.4
27	Citrus sinensis L. [MUH-14]	Rutaceae	Shrub	Meitha Malta	Antibacterial, laxative	Fruit	Juice	2	21	0.14	66.6	0.09	9.3
28	Coriandrum sativum L. [MUH-129]	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)	Herb	Dhania	Culinary, digestion	Seed, Essential oil	Grinding or decoction	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	9.5
29	Cucumis sativis L. [MUH-34]	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Khera	Blood cholesterol, skin	Fruit	Juice	2	11	0.07	63.6	0.18	4.5
30	Cucurbita pepo L. [MUH-63]	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Kadu	Diuretic, cholesterol	Fruit	Raw	2	22	0.14	59.1	0.09	8.3
31	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. [MUH-82]	Cuscutaceae	Herb	Neela Dhari	Hair fall, Liver	Stem	Decoction	2	12	0.08	91.6	0.16	7.3
32	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. [MUH-105]	Poaceae	Herb	Khabal	Anti-septic, Blood purifier	Leaves	Decoction	2	17	0.11	52.9	0.11	5.8
33	Cyperus esculentus L. [MUH-76]	Cyperaceae	Herb	Saroo	Nausea, inflammation, fever, fodder	Plant extract	Decoction, fruit	3	12	0.08	75	0.25	6.9
34	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. [MUH-145]	Fabaceae	Tree	Talli	Skin allergy, fuel	Stem, bark, leaves	Juice	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
35	Buxus wallichiana DC. [MUH-93]	Buxaceae	Shrub	Halphat	Fuel, fodder	Stem	-	2	18	0.12	66.6	0.11	79.9
36	Datura innoxia Mill. [MUH-109]	Solanaceae	Herb	Datura	Epilepsy, toothache	Leaves, seeds	Leaves decoction	2	12	0.08	75	0.16	6.0
37	Debregeasia salicifolia (D.Don) Rendle [MUH-13]	Urticaceae	Shrub	Sindari	Diarrhoea, vomiting	Leaves	Powder	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
38	Desmodium elegens DC. [MUH-45]	Papilionaceae	Shrub	Halphaat	Diuretic, carminative, tonic	Leaves, roots	Decoction	3	32	0.21	68.7	0.09	14.4
39	Diospyros kaki L. [MUH-108]	Ebenaceae	Tree	Japani Amlook	Anti-infectious, Anti-burning	Stem, Leaves	Powder	2	22	0.14	59.1	0.09	8.3
40	Diospyros lotus L. [MUH-24]	Ebenaceae	Tree	Amlook	Boils, tumors	Bark	Paste	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
41	Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. [MUH-53]	Sapindaceae	Herb	Sanatha	Fuel, diuretic	Leaves	Leaves	2	14	0.09	78.5	0.14	7.9
42	Drimia indica (Roxb.) [MUH-149]	Asparagaceae	FernHerb	Jangli Pyaz	Diuretic, Anti-pyretic, Asthma	Leaves, Bulbs	Decoction	3	12	0.08	75	0.25	6.0
43	Duchesnea indica (Andrews) [MUH-132]	Rosaceae	Herb	Budi Mewa	Eye infection, Tonic	Fruit	Juice	2	29	0.19	72.4	0.06	13.9
44	Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. [MUH-68]	Elaeagnaceae	Shrub	Kankoli	Cardiomegaly, Stimulant, fuel	Fruit, Leaves	Decoction, seed extract	3	18	0.12	72.2	0.16	8.7
45	Erioscirpus comosus (Nees) Palla [MUH-46]	Cyperaceae	Herb	Babya	Abdominal, Kidney pain	Leaves, Powder	Dried plant, leaves extract	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	9.7
46	Euphorbia helioscopia L. [MUH-135]	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Dhodal	Cholera, Anti-helminthic	Seeds, roots	Juice, paste	2	31	0.20	70.9	0.06	14.2
47	Euphorbia prostata Aiton [MUH-70]	Euphorbiaceae	Shurb	Doodal	Diuretic, Pulmonary disorders, Ring worms	Leaves, Roots	Plant extract	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	10.4
48	Ficus carica L. [MUH-99]	Moraceae	Tree	Tossa	Edible, laxative	Fruit	Decoction	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.08	5.7
49	Ficus johannis Boiss. [MUH-88]	Moraceae	Tree	Phagwara	Laxative, Fruit, Antiseptic, Skin infection	Fruit, Wood	Fruit, powder	4	34	0.22	64.7	0.17	14.2
50	Ficus palmata Forssk. [MUH-16]	Moraceae	Tree	Phugwara	Laxative, Fruit, Antiseptic, Skin infection	Fruit, Wood	Fruit, powder	4	25	0.16	36	0.16	5.8
51	Ficus religiosa L. [MUH-100]	Moraceae	Tree	Pipal	Ornamental, laxative	Bark, fruit	Decoction, fruit	2	21	0.14	71.4	0.09	10.0
52	Foeniculum vulgare Mill. [128]	Umbelliferae	Herb	Saunf	Anti-fungal, Carminative	Whole plant	Juice	2	10	0.06	90	0.20	5.4
53	Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet [MUH-116]	Geraniaceae	Herb	Rattanjo	Mouthwash, Ulcer, Throat infection, Bleeding	Rhizome	Decoction, paste	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	10.3
54	Geranium rotundifolium L. [MUH-19]	Geraniaceae	Herb	Jandaro	Astringent, diuretic	whole plant	Juice	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
55	Grewia eriocarpa Juss. [MUH-15]	Tiliaceae	Tree	Dhaman	Fodder, Making ropes	Leaves, Bark	Leaves, fruit extract	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
56	Habenari latilabris (Lindl.)Hook.f.[ MUH-119]	Orchidaceae	Herb	Nar Madi, Peer Gundal	Blood purifier, fertility symbol	Tuber	Decoction	2	15	0.22	73.3	0.13	6.8
57	Hedera nepalensis K. Koch, [MUH-124]	Araliaceae	Climber	Banjali	Stimulant, Anti-inflammatory	Leaf, bark, root	Powder	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	12.1
58	Helianthes annuus L. [MUH-33]	Asteraceae	Herb	Surag Mukhi	Fever, laxative	Seeds	Decoction	2	22	0.14	50	0.09	7.0
59	Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. [MUH-118]	Apiaceae	Herb	Krandel, chitra	Cardiomegaly, Digestive, Cough, Flue, Headache, Sore throat	Fruit, leaf, root	Decoction, powder	4	26	0.17	50	0.15	8.5
60	Hypericum perforatum L. [MUH-126]	Hyperiaceae	Herb	Peli boti, Taku jari	Anti-depressant, Antiviral, Inflammation	Whole plant	Decoction	3	11	0.07	81.8	0.27	5.7
61	Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch [MUH-50]	Poaceae	Herb	Kulfighass	Fodder, laxative	Leaves	Leaves	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
62	Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis [MUH-60]	Papilionaceae	Shrub	Kainthi	Baskets, fuel	-	-	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
63	Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. [MUH-47]	Fabaceae	Shrub	Gorakh Pankh	Tonic, Skin burn, Dysentery	Leaves, Seeds	Decoction	3	10	0.06	90	0.30	5.4
64	Jasminum humile L. [MUH-142]	Oleaceae	Shrub	Jangli jasmine	Condiments, ringworms	Flower, leaves, bark	Paste, juice	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
65	Jasmnum officinale L. [MUH-115]	Oleaceae	Shrub	Chamba s	Aromatic, emollient	Leaves, flowers	Flower, decoction	2	23	0.15	69.5	0.08	8.5
66	Juglans regia L. [MUH-103]	Juglandaceae	Tree	Akhor	Anti-septic, Timber	Fruit, Bark	Decoction, bark	2	16	0.10	56.2	0.12	5.6
67	Justicia adhatoda L. [MUH-72]	Acanthaceae	Shrub	Jangli Bhaker	Fuel, Wound infection	Leaves, Roots	Decoction	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
68	Justicia japonica Thunb. [MUH-87]	Acanthaceae	Herb	Bhaikar	Infection, Anti-spasmodic	Bark, Roots	Decoction	2	21	0.14	71.4	0.09	10.0
69	Lactuca sativa L. [MUH-36]	Asteraceae	Herb	Palk	Diabetes, diuretic	Whole plant	Leaves	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
70	Lavatera cachemiriana Cambess. [MUH-121]	Malvaceae	Herb	Jangli saunchal	Cough, Flu, Paste of flower, Fever in children	Whole plant	Decoction, paste	4	26	0.17	50	0.15	8.5
71	Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. [MUH-107]	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Kali Toori	Laxative, Anti-fungal	Roots, Stem	Decoction, fruit	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
72	Luffa cylindrica L. [MUH-37]	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Tori	Jaundice, laxative	Fruit	Infusion	2	11	0.07	63.6	0.18	4.4
73	Lycopersicum esculuntum Mill. [MUH-44]	Solanaceae	Herb	Tamatar	Cancer, diabetes, ulcer	Fruit	Powder, paste extract	3	12	0.08	75	0.25	6.9
74	Mangifera indica L. [MUH-39]	Anacardiaceae	Tree	Aam	Laxative, diabetes	Fruit	Decoction	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
75	Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke [MUH-11]	Malvaceae	Herb	Bariar	Aphrodisiac, Wound healing, Fever	Leaves, Flowers	Decoction, flower extract	3	14	0.09	64.2	0.21	5.9
76	Melia azedarach L. [MUH-136]	Meliaceae	Tree	Dhrek	Diuretic, Tooth pain, Arthritis pain	Bark, leaf	Juice, decoction	3	14	0.09	85.7	0.21	7.7
77	Melilotus indica (L.) All. [MUH-92]	Fabaceae	Herb	Singi	Abdominal pain, Dysentery	Leaves	Decoction	2	16	0.10	56.2	0.12	5.7
78	Mentha longifolia L. [MUH-83]	Lamiaceae	Herb	Safaid Podina	Anti-cholera, Anti-Dyspepsia	Leaves	Decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.2
79	Mentha spicata L. [MUH-17]	Lamiaceae	Herb	Podina	Anti-cholera, Anti-Dyspepsia	Leaves	Decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
80	Micromeria biflora (Buch) Benth. [MUH-120]	Lamiaceae	Herb	Jangli Ajwan, Dawa Jari	Pneumonia, stomach, headache	Whole plant	Decoction	3	11	0.07	72.7	0.27	5.1
81	Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd [49]	Cucurbitaceae	Herb	Karela	Anti-diabetic, Edible	Whole Plant	Fruit	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
82	Morus alba L. [MUH-4]	Moraceae	Tree	Toot	Fodder, Throat irritation, Timber	Leaves, Fruit, stem, Wood	Fruit, powder	3	12	0.08	66.6	0.25	5.3
83	Morus nigra L. [MUH-25]	Moraceae	Tree	Shehtoot	Fruit, Fodder, Throat irritation, Timber	Fruit, Powder	Fruit, powder	3	35	0.23	60	0.08	13.8
84	Musa paradisiaca L. [MUH-106]	Musaceae	Herb	Kaila	Cough, constipation, antimicrobial	Flower, leaves	Decoction, fruit	3	14	0.09	85.7	0.21	7.7
85	Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton [MUH-81]	Brassicaceae	Herb	Chow	Flu, diuretic, dysentery	Stem	Decoction	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	14.3
86	Nerium oleander L. [MUH-144]	Apocynaceae	Herb	Kanair/Nar Boti	Anthelmintic, Anti-septic, Fuel	Leaves, bark, root	Paste, powder, decoction	3	22	0.14	95.4	0.13	13.4
87	Nigella sativa L. [MUH-110]	Nigellaceae	Herb	Kaloongi	Sore throat, Diuretic	Stem, Leaves	Decoction, leaves extract	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.3
88	Olea ferruginea Wall. ex Aiton [MUH-7]	Oleaceae	Tree	Kao	Jaundice, Tonic, fever, Asthma	Leaves, Wood	Decoction, bark	4	22	0.14	50	0.18	7.0
89	Onosma thomsonii C.B. Clarke [MUH-150]	Boraginaceae	Herb	Gao Zuban	Digestive, appetizer, cough, cold	Roots, leaves	Decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.0
90	Oryza sativa L. [MUH-41]	Poaceae	Herb	Chawal	Holy, cough, antimicrobial	Seed	Powder	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.0
91	Oxalis corniculata L. [MUH-90]	Oxalidaceae	Herb	Khati buti	Jaundice, Wound healing, Fever	Leaves, Roots	Leaf juice, decoction	3	21	0.14	61.9	0.14	8.7
92	Papaver somniferum Linn. [MUH-111]	Papaveraceae	Herb	Khas Khash	Laxative, constipation	Leaves, powder	Decoction	2	23	0.15	69.5	0.08	10.4
93	Parthenium hysterophorus L. [MUH-96]	Asteraceae	Herb	Thandi Booti	Carminative	Powder, Flowers	Flower, decoction	2	12	0.08	91.6	0.16	7.3
94	Persicaria amplexicaulis D.Don [MUH-23]	Polygonaceae	Herb	Masloon	Stomachache, gastritis	Whole plant	Decoction	2	21	0.14	66.6	0.09	9.2
95	Pinus roxburgii Sarg. [MUH-101]	Pinaceae	Tree	Cheer	Timber, Anti-paralysis	Bark, Resins	Bark, leaves extract	3	27	0.18	77.7	0.11	13.9
96	Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson [MUH-137]	Pinaceae	Tree	Riar	Timber, wounds	Resins	Poultice	2	35	0.23	60	0.05	15.9
97	Pisum sativum L.[MUH-52]	Papilionaceae	Herb	Matr	Diuretic, Urinary problem	Seed	Poultice	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	9.5
98	Plantago lanceolata L. [MUH-140]	Plantaginaceae	Herb	Jangli ispgol	Fodder, dysentery, purgative	Leaves, seeds	Paste, extract	3	31	0.20	70.9	0.09	14.2
99	Podophyllum emodi Wall. ex Royle [MUH-127]	Podophyllaceae	Herb	Bankakri	Purgative, tonic	Fruit, rhizome	Paste, decoction	2	13	0.08	84.6	0.15	6.8
100	Polygonum aviculare L. [MUH-98]	Polygonaceae	Herb	Bandky	Purgative, astringent	Fruit, leaves	Plant juice, fruit	2	34	0.22	64.7	0.05	14.3
101	Populus alba L. [MUH-1]	Salicaceae	Tree	Phalj	Fuel, timber	Wood	Decoction	2	16	0.10	75	0.12	7.4
102	Potentilla nepalensis Hook.[MUH-122]	Rosaceae	Herb	Rati bail	Healing burns, diuretic	Leaf, root	Decoction, paste	2	19	0.12	84.2	0.10	10.2
103	Prunus armeniaca L. [MUH-67]	Rosaceae	Tree	Khubani	Stomach ache, Diuretic	Fruit	Raw	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
104	Prunus domestica L. [MUH-73]	Rosaceae	Tree	Alo bakhara	Asthma, Cancer cell	Fruit	Juice	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
105	Prunus persica (L.) Stokes [MUH-42]	Rosaceae	Tree	Arru	Cholesterol level control, Healthy teeth	Fruit, Wood	Decoction, fruit	3	32	0.21	68.7	0.09	13.7
106	Psidium guajava L. [MUH-104]	Myrtaceae	Tree	Amrood	Anti-spasmodic, Stomach ache	Fruit	Decoction, fruit	2	18	0.12	66.6	0.11	7.9
107	Punica granatum L. [MUH-21]	Punicaceae	Shrub	Dharuna	Stomach, fuel	Fruit, Leaves	Decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
108	Pyrus communis L. [MUH-79]	Rosaceae	Tree	Nashpati	Cough, fever	Fruit	Powder	2	18	0.12	72.2	0.11	8.8
109	Pyrus malus L. [MUH-147]	Rosaceae	Tree	Seib	Rheumatism, fruit	Fruit	Fruit decoction	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.6
110	Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don [MUH-48]	Rosaceae	Tree	Tangi	Diabetes, fuel	Leaves	Extract	2	14	0.09	78.5	0.14	7.1
111	Ranunculus arvensis L. [MUH-22]	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Kor-Kandoli	Tumors, bursts	Leaves, fruits	Decoction	2	31	0.20	70.9	0.06	14.2
112	Ranunculus leatus Wall. ex Hook.f.& J.W. Thomson [MUH-28]	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Kor-Kandoli	Tumors, bursts	Leaves, fruits	Decoction	2	31	0.20	70.9	0.06	14.0
113	Raphanus sativus L. [MUH-4]	Brassicaceae	Herb	Mooli	Digestion, Kidney problem	Rhizome	Powder	2	16	0.10	68.7	0.12	6.8
114	Ricinus communis L. [31]	Euphorbiaceae	Shrub	Hernoli	Piles, Nervous, Urinary disorders	Leaves	Decoction	2	22	0.14	95.4	0.09	13.3
115	Robinia pseudoacacia L. [MUH-55]	Papilionaceae	Tree	Keeker	Fodder, diuretic	Roots	Misvak	2	29	0.19	72.4	0.06	13.7
116	Rosa brunonii Lindl. [MUH-85]	Rosaceae	Shrub	Tarnari	Ornamental, fodder	Flower, leaves	Flower, decoction	2	12	0.08	91.6	0.16	7.3
117	Rosa indica L. [9]	Rosaceae	Shrub	Ghulab	Fever, diuretic	Flower, leaves	Decoction	2	35	0.23	91.4	0.05	21.2
118	Rubia cordifolia L. [MUH-32]	Rubiaceae	Herb	Khori booti	Fever, analgesic	Leaves	Paste	2	12	0.08	75	0.16	6.0
119	Rubus ellipticus Sm. [MUH-84]	Rosaceae	Shrub	Akhra	Edible, tonic, carminative	Fruit	Fruit	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	10.4
120	Rubus fruticosus L. [MUH-75]	Rosaceae	Shrub	Akhra	Edible, tonic, carminative	Fruit	Fruit	3	11	0.07	72.7	0.27	5.0
121	Rubus niveus Thunb. [MUH-77]	Rosaceae	Shrub	Akhra	Edible, tonic, carminative	Fruit	Fruit	3	23	0.15	69.5	0.13	10.4
122	Rumex hastatus L.[MUH-138]	Polygonaceae	Herb	Chokhri	Asthma, cough, fever	Roots	Juice	3	24	0.16	91.6	0.12	14.6
123	Salix alba L. [MUH-69]	Salicaceae	Tree	Beesa	Fuel wood	Stem, Leaves	Decoction	2	23	0.15	69.5	0.08	10.4
124	Salix denticulate Anderson [MUH-133]	Solanaceae	Herb	Besi choti	Fever, headache	Whole plant	Paste, decoction	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	9.5
125	Sarcococca saligna (D.Don) Muell.Arg [MUH-123]	Buxaceae	Herb	Bhansathr	Anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory	Leaf, bark, root	Powder	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
126	Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth [MUH-6]	Araceae	Herb	Sanp ki Makai	Snake bite, Tonic, Tumors	Powder	Decoction	3	25	0.16	36	0.12	5.6
127	Saussurea heteromalla (D.Don) Hand.-Mazz. [MUH-89]	Asteraceae	Herb	Kuth	Tonic, Skin diseases	Roots	Root decoction, powder	2	27	0.18	70.3	0.07	12.8
128	Solanum incanumL. [MUH-74]	Solanaceae	Herb	Kndair	Blood purifier, Teeth problem	Seed, Leaves	Decoction	2	22	0.14	59.1	0.09	8.3
129	Solanum melongena L. [MUH-5]	Solanaceae	Herb	Beigan	Anticancer, contipaton, Food	Fruit	Fruit	3	23	0.15	86.9	0.13	13.1
130	Solanum nigrum L. [MUH-134]	Solanaceae	Herb	Kach mach	Blood purifier, ulcer	Whole plant	Decoction	2	10	0.06	90	0.2	5.4
131	Solanum pseudocapsicum L. [MUH-130]	Solanaceae	Herb	Jangli mirch	Antimicrobial, anti-spasmodic	Whole plant, Laxative	Decoction	2	14	0.09	78.5	0.14	7.1
132	Solanum surrattense Burm. f. [MUH-58]	Solanaceae	Herb	Mokri	Diuretic, Cough, Fever, Stomach pain	Leaves, Roots	Decoction, leaves extract	4	12	0.08	75	0.33	6.1
133	Solanum tuberosum L. [MUH-61]	Solanaceae	Herb	Alu	Diuretic, food	Fruit	Fruit	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	5.2
134	Sonchus arvensis L. [MUH-18]	Asteraceae	Herb	Hund	Constipation, laxative	Leaves	Infusion	2	10	0.06	60	0.2	3.7
135	Sonchus oleraceus L. [MUH-71]	Asteraceae	Herb	Dodak	Abdominal pain, diuretic	Leaves	Decoction, leaves extract	2	12	0.08	91.6	0.16	7.4
136	Swertia alata C.B. Clarke [MUH-91]	Gentianaceae	Herb	Charayta	Tonic, laxative, febrifuge	Leaves, powder	Decoction, leaves extract	3	24	0.16	45.8	0.12	7.8
137	Tagetis minuta L. [MUH-35]	Asteraceae	Herb	Zanglai hamisha	Constipation, dysentery	whole plant, flowers	Decoction, leaves extract	2	14	0.09	85.7	0.14	7.7
138	Taraxacum officinale L. [MUH-113]	Asteraceae	Herb	Hand	Diuretic, Anti-septic	Roots, Stem	Decoction	3	18	0.12	72.2	0.16	8.8
139	Tribulus terrestris L. [MUH-66]	Apiaceae	Herb	Pakhra	Infection, Blood purifier, Rheumatism	Leaves	Decoction	3	11	0.07	72.7	0.27	5.1
140	Veronica arvensis L. [MUH-38]	Scrophulariaceae	Herb	Sth Davi	Pulmonary, Skin infection	Leaves	Decoction	2	10	0.06	90	0.2	5.4
141	Veronica persica Poir. [MUH-95]	Scrophulariaceae	Herb	She Davi	Skin infection, gonorrhea	Leaves	Decoction	2	11	0.07	81.8	0.18	5.7
142	Vibernum nervosum D.Don [MUH-146]	Caprifoliaceae	Herb	Taliana	Anemia, stomach aching	Fruit	Eaten	2	12	0.08	75	0.16	6.1
143	Viola biflora L. [MUH-125]	Violaceae	Herb	Pila Banafsha	Dermal issues, Laxative	Whole plant	Decoction	2	14	0.09	78.5	0.14	7.0
144	Vitis vinifera L. [MUH-80]	Vitaceae	Climber	Daagh	Anti-phlegm, Blood purifier	Fruit, Leaves	Decoction, fruit	2	11	0.07	72.7	0.18	5.1
145	Zanthoxylum armatum DC. [MUH-29]	Rutaceae	Shrub	Timber	Stomach ache, Chatni, Carminative	Fruit	Decoction, fruit	3	32	0.21	68.7	0.09	15.2
146	Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew [MUH-51]	Rhamnaceae	Shrub	Behrmunnii	Stomach ache, Carminative	Fruit	Decoction	2	10	0.06	90	0.2	5.4
147	Zea mays L. [MUH-97]	Poaceae	Herb	Makai	Food, Kidney stone	Fruit, Bark	Bark, decoction	2	27	0.18	70.3	0.07	12.8
148	Zingiber officinal Roscoe. [MUH-57]	Zingeberaceae	Herb	Adrak	Weight loss, Food	Tuber	Infusion	2	22	0.14	68.1	0.09	8.8
149	Ziziphus jujuba Mill. [MUH-86]	Rhamnaceae	Shrub	Jhand-berri	Fuel, Dysentery, Blood purifier	Fruit, Stem Bark	Decoction, powder	3	24	0.16	45.8	0.12	7.4
150	Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. [MUH-43]	Rhamnaceae	Shrub	Jhand-berri	Stimulant, Dysentery, Blood purifier	Fruit, Stem Bark	Decoction, powder	3	32	0.21	68.7	0.09	8.3

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Table 3 Floristic and ethnobotanical data of District Sudhnoti of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

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