Table 20 Key findings of psycholinguistic and emotional analysis of different types of hope.

Generalized Hope

• Associated with conveying emotional states such as joy, optimism, enthusiasm, or determination

• Demonstrates more frequent use of function words, indicating a complex communication style

• May not be as focused on practical and tangible elements of daily life

Realistic Hope

• Grounded in what is feasible and achievable

• Tends to be less frequently expressed in conversations, suggesting a reserved or pragmatic demeanor

• Associated with practical mindset and a balanced assessment of possibilities and limitations

• Often intertwined with cultural, political, ethnic, and technological factors

• Commonly discussed in various aspects of daily life like work, home, school, and employment

Unrealistic Hope

• Involves imagining favorable outcomes that may seem improbable or unlikely

• Demonstrates lower word counts and less expertise, possibly due to less knowledge on the topic

• Leads to higher levels of cognitive engagement due to its imaginative nature

• Associated with more emotional expression and complex communication styles

• More prevalent in discussions about health issues.