Fig. 1

Intratumoral injection of PPIs reduce TEVs uptake by liver macrophages. (A) Cre and EV markers in MC38-EVs or Cre+ MC38-EVs were detected by western blot. (B) Liver macrophages from Rosa-LSL-tdTomato mice were cocultured with 5 µg Cre+ MC38-EVs for 24 h, and the tdTomato expression in isolated F4/80+ liver macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. (C–E) Rosa-LSL-tdTomato mice bearing Cre+ MC38 tumor were intratumorally injected with DMSO or 15 µg Rabe for 3 days. CD63+Cre+ EV levels in the blood of these mice were measured by ELISA (C). Representative tdTomato expression in livers of these mice. Scale bar, 50 μm (D). Tnfa mRNA in liver macrophages from these mice was measured by Real-time PCR (E). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test; mean ± SD).