Fig. 1

Overview of present MR analysis and assumptions. IVs, instrumental variables; GWAS, Genome-wide association study; LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung carcinoma; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ILD, interstitial lung disease; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; MR, Mendelian randomization; IVW, inverse variance weighted.