Table 12 Optimal outcomes from different algorithms for the pressure vessel design problem.
Algorithm | Optimum variables | Optimal cost value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | \(T_s\) | \(T_h\) | R | L |
CMA | 12.7283 | 6.5224 | 42.0984 | 176.6366 | 6059.7143 |
PSO | 13.5000 | 7.4990 | 42.0570 | 177.1510 | 6064.7692 |
ACO | 13.8280 | 8.0743 | 43.7987 | 159.9395 | 6573.4935 |
BES | 13.6426 | 7.1801 | 42.3937 | 174.9377 | 6093.1678 |
DE | 12.7283 | 6.5224 | 42.0984 | 176.6366 | 6059.7143 |
BOA | 17.1485 | 7.5647 | 51.9598 | 90.9831 | 7015.5155 |
GWO | 12.9879 | 6.7641 | 42.0966 | 176.6729 | 6060.2564 |
WOA | 16.5971 | 9.7654 | 52.2656 | 81.3288 | 7308.0590 |
PS-BES | 12.7283 | 6.5224 | 42.0984 | 176.6366 | 6059.7143 |
PSOBOA | 12.7283 | 6.5224 | 42.0984 | 176.6366 | 6059.7143 |
HPSOBOA | 12.7283 | 6.5224 | 42.0984 | 176.6366 | 6059.7143 |