Table 1 Demographics, type of transplant, immunosuppressive therapy, clinical characteristics at hospital admission, and outcomes in all solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) and in patients nonvaccinated and vaccinated.

From: COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study

Variables (n, %)

All SOTR

N = 488

Nonvaccinated

N = 394

Vaccinated

N = 94

p value

Age years (median, IQR)

61 (51–69)

60 (50–68)

64 (57–71)

0.009

Age ≥ 70 years

114 (23.4)

86 (21.8)

28 (29.8)

0.101

Male

330 (67.6)

266 (67.5)

64 (68.1)

0.915

Organ transplant

Kidney

309 (63.3)

243 (61.7)

66 (70.2)

0.123

Liver

84 (17.2)

65 (16.5)

19 (20.2)

0.099

Heart

47 (9.6)

44 (11.2)

3 (3.2)

0.019

Lung

35 (7.2)

32 (8.1)

3 (3.2)

0.096

Pancreas

2 (0.4)

2 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.488

Combined transplant

11 (2.3)

8 (2.0)

3 (3.2)

0.496

Baseline immunosuppression

Mycophenolate mofetil

339 (69.5)

283 (71.8)

56 (59.6)

0.410

Azathioprine

10 (2.0)

8 (2)

2 (2.1)

0.730

Cyclosporine

31 (6.4)

28 (7.1)

3 (3.2)

0.245

Tacrolimus

370 (75.8)

311 (78.9)

59 (62.8)

0.002

Sirolimus/everolimus

75 (15.4)

67 (17)

8 (8.5)

0.058

Prednisone

358 (73.4)

300 (76.1)

58 (61.7)

0.006

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus

181 (37.1)

137 (34.8)

44 (46.8)

0.030

Chronic lung disease

84 (17.2)

69 (17.5)

15 (16.0)

0.751

Chronic heart disease

88 (18.0)

60 (15.2)

28 (29.8)

0.001

Chronic kidney disease

216 (44.3)

161 (40.9)

55 (58.5)

0.002

Chronic liver disease

61 (12.5)

45 (11.4)

16 (17.0)

0.140

Cancer

38 (7.8)

33 (8.4)

5 (5.3)

0.320

Morbid obesity

36 (7.4)

30 (7.6)

6 (6.4)

0.682

Symptoms and signs at diagnosis

Pneumonia

415 (85.0)

338 (85.8)

77 (81.9)

0.344

Temperature > 37.5 °C

110 (22.5)

100 (25.4)

10 (10.6)

0.002

Dyspnea

186 (38.1)

143 (36.3)

43 (45.7)

0.170

SpO2 < 95%

161 (33.0)

131 (32.2)

30 (31.9)

0.805

Systolic blood pressure

 < 90 mmHg

16 (3.3)

16 (9.1)

0 (0)

0.040

Diastolic blood pressure

 < 60 mmHg

34 (7)

32 (8.1)

2 (2.1)

0.030

Impaired consciousness

21 (4.3)

18 (4.6)

3 (3.2)

0.486

Days from symptoms onset, median (IQR) (n = 423)

4 (2–9)

4 (2–8)

5 (1–12)

0.231

Time from transplant < 6 months

47 (9.6)

45 (11.4)

2 (2.1)

0.006

Analytical data

White blood cells × 1000/µL (median, IQR)

5.8 (4.3–7.9)

5.8 (4.4–7.8)

6.0 (4.4–8.3)

0.483

White blood cells > 11,000/µL

47 (9.6)

36 (9.1)

11 (11.7)

0.449

Neutrophils × 1000/µL (median, IQR)

4.3 (3.1–6.3)

4.2 (3.2–6.2)

4.4 (3.0–6.5)

0.685

Neutrophils > 7500/µL

75 (15.3)

56 (14.2)

19 (20.2)

0.147

Lymphocytes × 1000/µL (median, IQR)

0.8 (0.5–1.1)

0.8 (0.5–1.1)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.995

Lymphocytes < 1000/µL

285 (58.3)

226 (57.4)

59 (62.8)

0.539

Platelets × 1000/µL (median, IQR)

156 (122–218)

154 (120–218)

175 (125.5–219.8)

0.311

Platelets < 130,000/µL

131 (26.8)

106 (26.9)

25 (26.6)

0.743

Hematocrit (%)

38.0 (34.2–42.0)

38.6 (34.0–42.0)

37.2 (35.0–42.0)

0.542

Hematocrit < 36% (females) and < 41% (males)

262 (53.7)

209 (53.0)

53 (56.4)

0.560

Glucose (mg/dL)

116 (96–163)

115 (94–162)

132 (101 –174)

0.041

Glucose > 125 mg/dL

206 (42.2)

156 (39.6)

50 (53.2)

0.016

Creatinine mg/dL (median, IQR)

1.7 (1.2–2.4)

1.6 (1.2–2.3)

1.92 (1.4–2.8)

0.017

Creatinine > 1.3 mg/dL

352 (71.8)

274 (69.5)

78 (83.0)

0.013

Na (mEq/L)

136 (133–139)

137.0 (134.0–139.0)

134 (130.8–137.0)

 < 0.001

Na < 135 mEq/L

174 (35.7)

123 (31.2)

51 (54.3)

 < 0.001

K (mEq/L)

4.4 (4.0–4.8)

4.4 (3.9–4.7)

4.5 (4.1–4.9)

0.047

K > 5.2 mEq/L

433 (88.7)

351 (89.0)

82 (87.2)

0.610

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) U/L (median, IQR)

29 (20–43)

30 (20–45)

27 (20–35)

0.062

AST > 30 U/L

159 (31.7)

136 (34.5)

23 (24.5)

0.627

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) U/L (median, IQR)

21 (14–34)

23 (15–36)

12 (11–22)

 < 0.001

ALT > 40 U/L

78 (15.5)

68 (17.3)

10 (10.6)

0.156

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) U/L (median, IQR)

275 (224–349)

270 (221–352)

298 (233–336)

0.276

LDH > 300 U/L

163 (32.1)

125 (31.7)

38 (40.4)

0.137

C-reactive protein mg/L (median, IQR)

14.6 (4.8–63.7)

10.9 (3.6–38.1)

66.8 (37.1–117.7)

 < 0.001

C-reactive protein > 100 mg/L

72 (14.8)

43 (10.9)

29 (30.9)

 < 0.001

D-dimer ng/mL (median, IQR)

660 (368–1505)

614 (341–1390)

1020 (540–1710)

0.015

D-dimer > 600 ng/mL

212 (43.4)

163 (41.4)

49 (52.1)

0.059

INR (median, IQR)

1.08 (1.0–1.17)

1.08 (1.0–1.17)

1.1 (1.01–1.10)

0.369

INR > 1.86

38 (7.8)

28 (7.1)

10 (10.6)

0.251

Therapy

Tocilizumab

88 (18)

70 (17.8)

18 (19.1)

0.870

Dexamethasone

80 (16.4)

22 (5.6)

58 (61.7)

 < 0.001

High flow/non-invasive mechanical ventilation

81 (16.6)

63 (16)

18 (19.1)

0.459

Mechanical ventilation

80 (16.4)

73 (18.5)

7 (7.4)

0.008

Complications during hospital stay

Shock

4 (0.8)

3 (0.8)

1 (1.1)

0.807

Graft dysfunction

6 (1.2)

5 (1.3)

1 (1.1)

0.050

Graft lost

4 (0.8)

4 (1.0)

0 (0)

0.037

Basal WHO clinical progression scale

Basal 2–3

15 (3.1)

11 (2.8)

4 (4.3)

0.460

Basal 4–5

447 (91.6)

367 (93.1)

80 (85.1)

0.020

Basal 6

18 (3.7)

13 (3.3)

5 (5.3)

0.351

Basal 7

8 (1.6)

3 (0.8)

5 (5.3)

0.007

Final WHO clinical progression scale

Final 2–3

4 (0.8)

4 (1)

0 (0)

0.327

Final 4–5

340 (69.7)

260 (66.0)

80 (85.1)

 < 0.001

Final 6

15 (3.1)

13 (3.3)

2 (2.1)

0.554

Final 7

26 (5.3)

25 (6.3)

1 (1.1)

0.041

Final 10

105 (21.5)

92 (23.4)

13 (13.8)

0.044

Clinical phenotypes

Phenotype A

149 (30.5)

126 (32)

23 (24.5)

0.155

Phenotype B

187 (38.3)

168 (42.6)

19 (20.2)

 < 0.001

Phenotype C

152 (31.1)

100 (25.4)

52 (55.3)

 < 0.001

Clinical phenotypes mortality

Phenotype A mortality

13 (8.7)

12 (9.5)

1 (4.4)

0.370

Phenotype B mortality

31 (16.6)

28 (16.7)

3 (15.8)

0.611

Phenotype C mortality

61 (40.1)

52 (52.0)

9 (17.3)

 < 0.001

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