Fig. 5

Soil organic carbon density for each treatment. Treatments are B0 (Control, CK), B1 (Biochar at 15 t ha–1), B2 (Biochar at 30 t ha–1), and B3 (Biochar at 45 t ha–1). Significant differences between treatments are identified by distinct lowercase letters, with a significance level of p < 0.05.