Fig. 7

In the hypoxic environment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, CHD1L can promote the secretion of PD-L1 by cancer cells, thus promoting the activation of the ERK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and M2 polarization in tumor-associated macrophages, inhibiting M1 polarization and leading to the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells.