Table 7 TiO2 nano particle properties (Data sourced from57).

From: Nanotechnology and LSTM machine learning algorithms in advanced fuel spray dynamics in CI engines with different bowl geometries

Property

ASTM method

Value

Colour

–

White

Particle size, average (nm)

E3247

19–24

Purity (%)

D476

96.99

Specific surface area (m2/g)

C1069

372

Bulk/true density (g/cc)

D7263

0.18

Microstrain (ξ)

D4892

0.084

Dislocation density (δ) (line2/m2)

E2208

0.5 × 1014

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