Table 9 Uncertainty values of instruments.

From: Nanotechnology and LSTM machine learning algorithms in advanced fuel spray dynamics in CI engines with different bowl geometries

Instruments

Ranges

Accuracy

% Uncertainty

Stopwatch

–

+ 0.5s

0.2

Manometer

0–200 mm

+ 1 mm

1

Tachometer

0–10,000 rev/min

+ 10 rpm

0.1

Smoke meter

0–100 BSU

+ 0.1

1

Exhaust gas temperature

0–900 °C

+ 1 °C

0.12

Pressure transducer

0–110 bar

+ 0.1 bar

0.2

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